Entorhinal areas

Kohler, C., and Steinbusch. H.W.M. Identification of serotonin and non-serotonin-containing neurons of the mid-brain raphe projecting to the entorhinal area and the hippocampal formation. A combined immunohistochemical and fluorescent retrograde tracing study in the rat brain. Neuroscience 7 951-975. 1982. 

Mayeaux, D. J. and Johnston, R.E. (2004) Discrimination of social odors and their locations role of lateral entorhinal area. Physiol. Behav. 82, 653-662. 

The long length fibres link the ventral tegmental and substantia nigra dopamine-containing cells with the neostriatum (mainly the caudate and the putamen), the limbic cortex (the medial prefrontal, cingulate and entorhinal areas) and with limbic structures such as the septum, nucleus accumbens, amygdaloid complex and piriform cortex. These projections are... 

Cerebral cortex (Entorhinal area) ACh rat14,15 5-HT rat4"6... 

The indusium griseum (IG) or dorsal hippocampal continuation receives input from but does not project to the olfactory bulb. It is a thin layer of cortex which runs parasagit-tally just dorsal to the corpus callosum. IG has been the subject of debate as to whether it is more related to the hippocampus or olfactory bulb (cf. Wyss and Sripanidkulchai, 1983 Adamek et al. 1984 for further discussion). It now seems clear that IG receives direct inputs to its tiny molecular layer from the olfactory bulb (Wyss and Sripanidkulchai, 1983 Adamek et al. 1984 De Olmos et al. 1978). This input is mainly to the rostral IG with fewer fibers running more caudally. The molecular layer of IG also receives input from the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex (Luskin and Price, 1983b). Since the entorhinal area receives direct olfactory bulb inputs and, in turn, projects to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus it has been suggested that IG is a phylogenetically old part of the hippocampus that receives direct olfactory information as opposed to most of the hippocampus that receives only indirect olfactory input via the entorhinal area (Adamek et al. 1984). 

Steward, O. (1976) Topographic organization of the projections from the entorhinal area to the hippocampal formation of the rat. / Comp. Neurol, 167, 285-314. 

Hjorth-Simonsen, A. (1972) Projection of the lateral part of the entorhinal area to the hippocampus and fascia dentata. J. comp. Neurol., in press. 

Hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, nucleus, accumbens, solitary tract nerve, trigeminal nerve, motor nucleus of the dorsal vagal nerve, area postrema, spinal cord... 

Neuroanatomical and neuropathological basis of Alzheimer s disease Histological features of Alzheimer s disease include neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (Boiler and Duyckaerts 1997). Neuritic plaques are composed of extracellular deposits of j8-amyloid protein and apolipoprotein E and are found primarily in neocortex. j8-amyloid is derived from an amyloid precursor protein, and is suspected to be a chief causal factor in Alzheimer s disease pathology (Samuel et al. 1997). Neurofibrillary tangles are clusters of protein fibers found in the cell body and composed of tau protein, which normally serves as a cytoskeletal element. Neurofibrillary tangles progress from entorhinal cortex to hippocampus, and then to neocortical areas. 

Rose JE, Levin ED (1991) Inter-relationships between conditioned and primary reinforcement in the maintenance of cigarette smoking. Br J Addict 86(5) 605-609 Rosecrans JA (1971) Elfects of nicotine on brain area 5-hydroxytryptamine function in male and female rats separated for differences of activity. Eur J Pharmacol 16(1) 123-127 Rosecrans JA (1972) Brain area nicotine levels in male and female rats with different levels of spontaneous activity. Neuropharmacology ll(6) 863-870 Rosecrans JA, Schechter MD (1972) Brain area nicotine levels in male and female rats of two strains. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 196(l) 46-54 Saigusa T, Takada K, et al (1997) Dopamine efflux in the rat nucleus accumbens evoked by dopamine receptor stimulation in the entorhinal cortex is modulated by oestradiol and progesterone. Synapse 25(1) 37 3... 

Area postrema, entorhinal and frontal cortex, hippocampus Agonists ondansetron, granisetron, zacopride... 

Forehmin frontal cortex olfactory nucleus nucleus accumbens septal area amygdala hypothalamus entorhinal cortex caudate nucleus entopeduncular nucleus hippocampus ventral and medial thalamus median forebrain bundle dorsal noradrenergic bundle... 

Figure 1. Dopamine D2 receptor binding in human temporal cortex from a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies and matched control. Numbers refer to cortical Brod-mann areas and Ent cx = entorhinal cortex.

Figure 2. A. Distribution of the serotonin receptor, 5-HT2 subtype which binds the indoleamine hallucinogens, in human temporal cortex as indicated by the binding of radiolabelled ketanserin. While the receptor is relatively sparse in the hippocampal area and entorhinal cortex on the top right, it is concentrated in the temporal association cortex including the area concerned with visual association.

Other brain regions are undoubtedly involved in affi-liative behaviors. For example, the ventral temporal area of the cortex appears to be involved in facial discrimination in humans, and abnormalities in the activation of this area during facial discrimination tasks are present in individuals with autism (Schultz et ah, 2000). In rats and other mammals, the olfactory bulb and entorhinal cortex also appear to be involved in affiliative behaviors, including maternal behaviors (Numan, 1994). 

Explicit memory depends upon die temporal lobe of die midbrain, an area tiiat includes the hippocampus and die nearby subiculum and entorhinal cortex.966 968-971 Implicit associative learning and memory involve die cerebellum, amygdala, and other regions.972 9723... 

In addition to an abnormality in the corticostriatal system, it is also possible that a disorder in the dopamine-glutamate system occurs in other subcortical regions which could account for some of the symptoms seen in schizophrenia. The hippocampus and the associated entorhinal cortex are important areas of the brain concerned in memory formation, information... 

Critical area of the brain linking limbic structures to the cerebral cortex. The hippocampus receives its major input from the entorhinal cortex via the perforant pathway. 

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