The Effect of Wood

In buildings and assemblies, contacts between aluminium and wood are very frequent (windows, etc.). 

Wood is generally acidic its pH varies between 3 and 6 [13], and it releases minute quantities of formic acid and acetic acid. Tests have shown that aluminium will pickle only very superficially, about 10 xm, in water vapour containing 1% acetic acid [14]. 

Whether in seawater or in rural or urban atmospheres, long-term tests over 5-10 years have shown that aluminium screws have a very good resistance to corrosion in all common wood species pine wood, fir, beech wood, and mahogany, unless these screws are made of copper-containing alloys of the 2000 or 7000 series [15-17]. 

Aluminium will be corroded in contact with wood only in the presence of humidity. This corrosion is very superficial. It mainly results from the structure of wood and its capacity to absorb moisture rather than its chemical composition. 

Impregnation products for wood can have an influence on the corrosion resistance of aluminium if they contain copper salts (sulphate, naphthenate, etc.). They tend to increase the density, but not the depth of pitting [18]. 

---

The Effect of Wood Moisture Content upon Reactivity... 

Five sets (4 samples each set) of mango samples were conditioned to five different moisture levels and conditioned samples were acetylated in vapor phase for 3 hours to study the effect of wood moisture content on WPG. 

Further high quality wines are traditionally matured in oak cashs for several months. Maturation reactions are complex and like in spirit beverages, dissolution of wood components is of prime importance (8-9-10). Extracted wood components have secondary effect other than their direct flavor contribution. They appear to be necessary for correct maturation of the beverage. The effect of wood components on the maturation of beverages was clearly investigate in distilled alcoholic beverages only. The addition of oak extract to a model spirit solution reduced the extractability of ethyl esters with chain lengths of 10-20 carbons by the dichloromethane (9-10). The increase in solubility reflects a reduction in the activity of the ester in the aqueous ethanol solution, relative to the dichloromethane and indictes that an interaction between components of the wood extract and esters takes place. 

In the fhture, the effect of wood components on the flavor of wine has to be investigated. The interactions between wood components and some esters have been... 

The Chevrolet wheels around and pulls up at the front door. In fact, it is a good house solid and commodious, my first log cabin. The tables, ceiling, walls, floor, chairs, everything in it is made of dark wood. No picture, no rug, no cushion, no cloth spoils the effect of wood on wood on wood. 

Figure 2 shows the effect of wood cost and plant capacity on electricity cost. As plant sizes increase from 25 to 150 MW, electricity costs fall by 10 to 20 percent, reflecting some economies of scale. Kohan and Barkhordar(1) present analogous sensitivity curves for other products evaluated in this study. 

A.G. McDonald, L.W. Gallagher, S.T. Sundar, and M.P. Wolcott. The effect of wood surface modification and particle size on wood plastic composite performance. In Eighth International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites, Madison, WI, May 23-25, 2005. 

But little reliable data upon the effectiveness of wood-tar creosotes is available, and until satisfactory service tests are completed no definite recommendation can be made. It is likely, however, that good results will be obtained if the wood creosote is of a high grade. 

The effect of wood species on the wood-polymer interface and on properties of WPCs has received little attention in the literature. Stark and Berger [13] evaluated the effect of ponderosa pine, loblolly pine, maple, or oak on the mechanical properties of polypropylene WPCs. In general, WPCs made with maple or oak exhibit slightly better tensile and flexural properties and heat deflection temperatures than either of the pines. Composites elaborated with coconut flber and polyurethanes have shown good results. Coconut flber acts as reinforcement and active part of the matrix system, improving the interface... 

Simonsen J, Freitag CM, Morrell JJ. The effect of wood-plastic ratio on the performance of borate biocides against brown-rot fungi. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Woodflber-Plastic Composites 2001, Madison, WI. Wisconsin Forest Products Society 2002. p 69. 

EN 302-4 2004, Adhesives for load bearing structures — Test methods — Part 4 Determination of the effect of wood shrinkage on the shear strength. 

To quantify the effect of wood anisotropy on displacement rates, some experiments were performed with solid pine sapwood where the sample ends were sealed to permit mass transfer only in the tangential and radial directions. These tests proved that after two hours of treatment the water concentrations were very far from equilibrium, thus showing that the displacement rate is much faster in the longitudinal direction. The difference in these rates is about two orders of magnitude. 

Nishikawa NK, Sutcbffe R, Saddler JN. (1998). The effect of wood-derived inhibitors on 2,3-butanediol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biotechnol Bioeng, 31, 624—... 

Shebani AN, van Reenen AJ, Meincken M (2008) The effect of wood extractives on the thermal stability of different wood species. Thermochim Acta 471 43—50... 

More work was carried out to study the effect of wood, cellulose, lignin, and activated charcoal on the thermal decomposition of polystyrene (PS) and polyethylaie (PE) occurring in municipal waste. Py-GC/MS revealed that these materials had a similar influence on PS and PE thermal decomposition under slow and fast heating conditions. The effect is related to the char-forming capability of the wood-derived additives thus cellulose had the least and pure charcoal had die greatest influence on the decomposition of the polymers studied. The yield of monomers, dimers, and trimers decreased, and the formation of other products (e.g., toluene, ethyl benzene, and a-methyl styrene) was detected in the obtained pyrograms. 

The effects of wood fiour particle size on the mechanical performance of filled polypropylene are summarized in Table 15.5. The largest particle size range (0.425-0.600 im) yields the lowest performance except for notched impact strength. For the three smaller particle size ranges, properties generally decrease as the particle size is reduced except for the unnotched impact strength. Similar trends were found... 

The effects of wood flour, acrylic impact modifier, and plasticiser on the rheology of PVC based wood-plastic composites have been presented. The anthors tried to determine an optimal pair of wood-plastic composites that would exhibit substantially different rheological characteristics at high shear so that patterns similar to the grain of wood can be developed inside and on the surface of the product if two composites with different colours are extruded at once. 

Nobashi K, Yokota T 1976 The effects of wood extractives on the reaction products of vinyl polymerization. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 22 466-472... 

Fillers enhance most of the properties of phenoplasts and aminoplasts, but the resulting effects depend on the nature of the fillers and on their content in the composites. For example, the effect of wood flour content on the resistance to compression of molded objects goes through a maximum at about 25% by volume, as shown on Fig. 4.1. 

Part 4 1992 Determination of the effects of wood shrinkage on the shear strength. 

Fabiyi et al. [55] studied the effects of wood species on the accelerated weathering behaviors of HDPE-based WPCs. The selected wood species are poplar, Douglas-fir, black locust, white oak, and ponderosa pine. Results revealed that hybrid poplar and ponderosa pine had good color stability among the wood species examined for WPCs. 

---