Thallic chloride

Thalh-. thallic. thallium(III). -chlorat, n. tballic chlorate. thalliuin(III) chlorate, chlo-rid, n. thallic chloride. thallium(III) chloride, -ion, n thallic ion. thallium(III) ion. -oxyd,... 

Thallous halides do not absorb ammonia at ordinary temperature, but in liquid ammonia these salts form triannnino-thallous halides of composition [T1(NH3)3]C1, [Tl(NH3)3]Br.1 The triammino-deriva-tives formed are somewhat soluble in liquid ammonia, and the solubility increases with rise of temperature and increase in atomic weight of the halogens. No lower ammino-derivatives are known. Tliallic halides absorb ammonia gas readily. If ammonia gas is passed into an alcoholic solution of thallic chloride, or if dry ammonia gas is passed over dry thallic chloride, the gas is absorbed and a white crystalline substance is formed of composition [T1(NH3)3]C13. The crystals may be washed with alcohol containing ammonia and then with absolute alcohol, and finally dried in vacuo. On coming in contact with water the triammine is decomposed with precipitation of violet-black oxide thus ... 

The triammine is soluble in hydrochloric acid, forming ammonium thallic chloride, 3NH4C1.T1C13, and on heating decomposes writh loss of ammonia and formation of ammonium chloride and thallous chloride. 

Labeled product retained 100% enzyme activity CT, thallic chloride, and LP products had sp. act. between 3 and 124 iiCi/ng, but only 15-71% enzyme activity... 

Tri-m-xylylarsine melts at 106° C., is readily soluble in ether, petroleum, and benzene, less soluble in alcohol. When treated with thallic chloride- it yields thallous chloride and m-xylylehloroarsine. The mercurichloride, (CgH8)3As.HgCl2, melts at 257° C., is readily soluble in acetic acid, sparingly soluble in alcohol. 

Tertiary arsines react with thallic chloride, forming thallous chloride and compounds of the type RAsXg. 

When treated with thallic chloride, propyl mercuric chloride, thallous chloride, and thallium dipropyl chloride are obtained. ... 

With sodium, sodium isoamyl is formed, but in ethereal solution in a stream of carbon dioxide, isobutyl acetic acid results. Mercury di-isoamyl heated with zinc in a sealed tube for thirty-six hours at 180° C. yields zinc di-isoamyl. The mercury compound and glacial acetic acid heated for sixteen hours at 200° C. give isopentane, metallic mercury, and amyl acetate. Treatment with thallic chloride gives isoamyl mercuric chloride and thallous chloride. ... 

Thallic chloride. Ether or benzene solution. Thallium diphenyl chloride, phenyimercurio chloride. Goddard, Tram. Clicm. Bor. 1922, 121, 40,... 

Mercury ethyl benzyl is prepared from ethyl magnesium bromide and benzyimercuric chloride. It is an oil, decomposing on long keeping into mercury diethyl and mercury dibenzyl. When treated with thallic chloride it yields thallous chloride, ethylmercuric chloride, benzyl-mercuric chloride, and benzaldehyde. ... 

Dry chlorine gas, hypochlorous acid, thallic chloride, silicon tetrachloride, stannic chloride, zirconium tetrachloride, phosphorus trichloride, mercurous chloride, thionyl chloride, benzene sulphonic chloride, benzal chloride,phenyl iododichloride. ... 

Tlie first organic thallium compound was obtained by Hansen, by treating zinc diethyl with thallic chloride. Four years later Hartwig -prepared salts of the type R/flX. No further work was done upon the metal until 1904, when Meyer and Bertheim isolated thallium dimethyl chloride by a reaction which may be expressed in a general form ... 

Thallium dimethyl bromide may be obtained by the interaction of magnesium methyl bromide and thallic chloride, and crystallises from dilute ammonia containing sodium bromide in white, silver, glistening plates, wdiich do not melt at 275° C. When treated with silver fluoride it yields thallium dimethyl fluoride, which decomposes above C. It forms a hydrate containing 12 mols. 

Thallium dimethyl iodide.—This compound is obtained by treating the mother-liquors from the above bromide with potassium iodide, the decomposition temperature of the product being given as 264° to 266° C. It may also be prepared by the action of magnesium methyl iodide on thallic chloride. Obtained in this manner it only shows... 

Thallium diethyl bromide is easily isolated from magnesium ethyl bromide and thallic chloride its solubility falls between that of the chloride and iodide, and it remains unmelted at 300° C. 

Thallium dipropyl chloride is obtained by the action of magnesium n-propyl chloride on thallic chloride, the yield being 70 to 80 per cent, of the theory. The compound crystallises from dilute aqueous ammonia in glistening silver plates which decompose at 198° to 202° C. The bromide and iodide M.pt. 188° to 185° C.) are isolated in the usual manner, and the hydk dphide is more easily obtained than in the methyl and ethyl series. 

The same product may also be isolated by the interaction of mercury diphenyl (1 mol.) and thallic chloride (1 mol.) in dry ether. In this case, any mercury phenyl chloride which may be formed is removed by extraction with benzene, then further purification is carried out as above. 

Thallium diphenyl bromide. —10-3 grams of thallic chloride in... 

When boiled with thallic chloride in xylene solution the reaction is more complicated and is best represented as follows — ... 

Tin triphenyl chloride.—This has also been obtained by three other methods (1) Tin diphenyl dichloride is treated with sodium amalgam in ether solution, or with ammonia. (2) When an acetic acid solution of tin diphenyl dichloride is treated with sodium nitrite, 85 per cent, of the tin compound is converted to tin, triphcnyl chloride, nitrosobenzene also being formed. (3) It occurs amongst otlier products, when tin tetraphenyl is decomposed by thallic chloride. It crystallises from ether in coloui less crystals, M.pt. lOO"" C, which are partly octahedral and partly prismatic. It boils at 21 0 C. at Uh5 inm., and is soluble in all the usual solvents. 

Lead diethyl dichloride may be prepared as above or from lead diethyl diphenyl by the action of hydrochloric acid or by thallic chloride. It crystallises from alcohol in pale yellow needles. The corresponding dihromide is prepared from lead diethyl diphenyl by the action of dry hydrogen bromide. It crystallises in glistening, yellow prisms, which become white on long standing in air, and are decomposed by hot solvents. 

Lead diphenyl di-a-naphthyl, Pb(C6ll5)2(CioH7)2. This is obtained as a snow-white, granular, crystalline powder by the interaction of lead diphenyl dibromide and magnesium a-naphth d bromide. The product melts at 197° C., lead separating at a higher temperature, and it is soluble in ether, benzene, or hot alcohol. It reacts with thallic chloride according to the equation ... 

When treated with hydrochloric acid or chlorine, two phenyl groups are split off, and with thallic chloride it reacts as follows —... 

TABLE IV.—INTERACTION OF THALLIC CHLORIDE WITH ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS. 

To compare Pd(II) and Tl(III) under identical conditions, it would be desirable to measure the Tl(III) kinetics in chloride solution. Since the insoluble thallium sesquichloride precipitates as thallous ion is formed, this is difficult to do. In any case, it is known that thallic chloride is unreactive (15). 

The chloride, TICI3 H2O, is made by passing chlorine into water in which T1C1 is suspended, and allowing the saturated solution to stand. A tetra-hydrate is also formed, from which the anhydrous salt is prepared by dehydrating at ordinary temperatures. With a small amount of water thallic chloride forms a clear solution, but on dilution the salt suffers hydrolysis. 

One liter of water dissolves 2.7 gms. thallo thallic chloride 3TICI.TICI, at i5°-i7 , and 35.0 grams at 100°. 

Thallic chloride. Diphenylchlorobismuthme and thallium diphenyl chloride Goddard, ibid., 1922,121, 36. 

II. Toxic dose. The minimum lethal dose of thallium salts is probably 12-15 mg/kg, although toxicity varies widely depending on the compound, and there are reports of death after adult ingestion of as little as 200 mg. The more water-soluble salts (eg, thallous acetate and thallic chloride) are slightly more toxic than the less soluble forms (thallic oxide and thallous iodide). Some thallium salts are well absorbed across intact skin. 

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