Thallium organic compounds

The oxidation of p-cymene (103) usually gives rise to carvacrol (139) contaminated with varying amounts of thymol (140), but thallium trifluoroacetate in trifluoroacetic acid gives a thallium organic compound (137) that can be converted... 

A. N. Nesmeyanov and R. A. SokoUk, The Organic Compounds of Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium and Thallium, North-HoUand Publishing Co., Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1967. 

Tetrabromoethane Tetraethylpyrophosphate Tetramethyl succinonitrile Thallium, soluble compounds Tin compounds, organic Toluene... 

Haapakka and Kankare have studied this phenomenon and used it to determine various analytes that are active at the electrode surface [44-46], Some metal ions have been shown to catalyze ECL at oxide-covered aluminum electrodes during the reduction of hydrogen peroxide in particular. These include mercu-ry(I), mercury(II), copper(II), silver , and thallium , the latter determined to a detection limit of <10 10 M. The emission is enhanced by organic compounds that are themselves fluorescent or that form fluorescent chelates with the aluminum ion. Both salicylic acid and micelle solubilized polyaromatic hydrocarbons have been determined in this way to a limit of detection in the order of 10 8M. 

Thallium(I) acetate, 24 630-632 Thallium compounds, in organic reactions, 24 635 Thallium formate, 24 630 Thallium halides, 24 632 Thallium ion, 24 629 Thallium nitrate, uses for, 24 636 Thallium salts, 24 630, 632 Thallium sulfate, uses for, 24 636 Thallium (III) compounds, in organic reactions, 24 635-636 Thallium(III) fluoride, 24 632 Thallium(III) ion, 24 630 Thallium(III) salts, 24 632 Thallium(III) trifluoroacetate, 24 635 Thallium (Tl), 24 627-641... 

The CFX MiniFix technology can treat solids, sludges, and most liquids. The treatment is applicable to a variety of heavy metals such as aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, hexavalent chromium, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc. The technology also treats organic compounds with high molecular weights. 

Thallium(lII) trifluoroacetate is a versatile oxidant for organic compounds [55, 56, 57] It reacts with alkenes at room temperature to form oxiranes, ketones, and 1,2 diols [55] Usually these oxidations are accompanied by cyclizations and rearrangements The reaction of thallium(III) trifluoroacetate with substituted cinnamic acids results in instantaneous oxidative dimerization leading to bislactone lignans, which belong to a naturally occurring family of compounds [56] (equation 26)... 

The chief use of antimony and its chlorides is for accelerating the chlorination of organic compounds. Chlorination is also accelerated by the chlorides of iron, aluminium, molybdenum or thallium, and the metals themselves may be used. 

A serious disadvantage is that the organic compounds of thallium are formed under strong oxidative conditions and this very much limits the group of compounds which can be astatinated using this method. 

Cr(II) may be used to carry out all the reactions of Ti(III), but usually under milder conditions. Applications of Cr(II) as a reductant have been reviewed. The applications include Sn(IV) chloride in the presence of catalysts such as Sb(V) or Bi(III), Sb(V) in 20% HCl at elevated temperatures, Cu(II), silver, gold, mercury, bismuth, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, uranium, dichromate, vanadate, titanium, thallium, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen in water and gases, as well as organic compounds such as azo, nitro, and nitroso compounds and quinones. Excess Cr(II) in sulfuric acid solution reduces nitrate to ammonium ion. The reduction is catalyzed by Ti(IV), which is rapidly reduced to Ti(III). 

Electroluminescence on oxide-covered metal electrodes is a method which can be used for the determination of both inorganic and organic compounds. The highest sensitivity is obtained with thallium(I) and terbium(III) which can be determined on an aluminium electrode at less than 0.01 ppb level in aqueous solution. Also copper(II) comes close to that level. It is interesting to note that metal ions like Cu ", Hg and Pb " " which are not inherently fluorescent give an intense EL spectrum. 

Supramolecular self-organization in the solid state has been observed (by X-ray diffraction) for several thallium-oxygen compounds. The secondary Tl - O bonds in these compounds are rather strong and it is debatable whether these should be regarded as electron-pair donor-acceptor bonds or as secondary bonds. 

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