Ethyl -mercury

R2NC1, 91, 92 phenyl acetate, Fries rearrangement of, 475 phenyacetyl halides, acylation by, 173 2-phenylbenzoic acid, cycliacylation, 185 phenyl ethers, alkylation of, 149 —, bromination of, 130 —, hydrogen exchange with, 260 —, rearrangement of, 476 phenyl ethyl mercury, mercuridemercuration of, 359, 360... 

Thimerosal is a preservative used in vaccines that has been purported to cause autism in children. The assumption is that thimerosal, also known as ethyl mercury, causes similar effects as methyl mercury, which has neurotoxic and nephrotoxic... 

The reasons for mercury pesticide poisoning deserve especially close analysis. OMPs were detected not only in cereals where they could be found since they were used, but also in fish products. We must keep in mind that according to existing public health standards, in principle, granosan (active ingredient ethyl mercury chloride), and especially OMPs (in the mixtures mercury benzol and mercury hexane, the active ingredient is also ethyl mercury chloride), presence in food products is banned [5]. Therefore, the notation exceeds MPL is not appropriate. 

Spann, J.W., R.G. Heath, J.F. Kreitzer, and L.N. Locke. 1972. Ethyl mercury p-toluene sulfonanilide lethal and reproductive effects on pheasants. Science 175 328-331. 

Compounds Methyl mercury ethyl mercury chloride, dimethyl mercury... 

Methyl and ethyl mercury compounds have similar toxicological properties, and there is no sharp demarcation between acute and chronic poisoning. Once a toxic dose has been absorbed and retained for a period of time, functional disturbances and damage occur. The latency period for a single toxic dose may vary from one to several weeks longer latency periods on the order of years have been reported for chronic exposures. ... 

Natural waters Mercury Methyl, ethyl and inorganic Helium plasma TM10i cavity 0.05 ng T1 methyl and ethyl mercury Emteborg et al. (1993)... 

Mercuric acetate methoxy ethyl mercury acetate, phenyl mercury acetate... 

This study was not designed as a formal assessment of the pharmacokinetics of mercury. However, it showed that the administration of vaccines containing thiomersal did not seem to raise blood concentrations of mercury above safe values in infants. Ethyl mercury seems to be eliminated from the blood rapidly via the stools. The... 

Bis tetrafluoro-l -(trifluoroinethyl)ethyl mercury Typical Procedure ... 

The aryl mercurials, such as thiomersal are particularly likely to elicit hypersensitivity reactions (10,28), including attacks of asthma in patients who have received hepatitis B vaccine (29). Ethyl mercury toxicity and sensitization from thiomersal-containing vaccines have been indecisively discussed (30,31). The toxicity of ethyl mercury has also been discussed (32). 

Thiomersal included in patch-test series has given varying frequencies of positive reactions. Cross-reactions occur to a few organic mercurials, but not to inorganic or metallic mercury. The allergic determinant seems to be the ethyl mercury radical in thiomersal. 

The usual dose of ethyl mercury in pediatric vaccines is small (about 12.5-25 micrograms of mercury). However, the metabolism of ethyl mercury in infants who receive... 

Fig. 2 Chromatogram of a standard mixture after complexa-tion with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. Composition of the standard mercury dichloride, methylmercury chloride, ethyl-mercury chloride, methoxyethylmercury chloride, ethoxyethyl-mercury chloride, phenylmercury chloride, and tolymercury chloride. [Reprinted from A. Knochel and H. Potgeter, Interfacing supercritical fluid chromatography with atomic fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of organomercury compounds,/. Chromatogr. A 786 192 (1997). Copyright 1997, with permission from Elsevier Science.]...

The antibacterial and antifungal properties of organomercurials have resulted in their long-term use as topical disinfectants (thimerosal and merbro-min) and preservatives in medical preparations (thimerosal) and grain products (both methyl and ethyl mercurials). Phenylmercury has been used in the past in paints, and dialkyl mercurials are still used in some industrial processes and in the calibration of certain analytical laboratory equipment. A major issue in recent years has been the presence of mercury in some vaccines, for example, in the vaccine preservative thimerosal - this has led to suspension of some vaccination programs and the development of preservative-free (i.e., mercury-free) vaccines as replacements. 

In a case report of four patients who were exposed to ethyl mercury, toxicity was seen in the brain, spinal motor neurons, peripheral nerves, skeletal muscles, and myocardium. Several case studies of accidental occupational exposure have also been documented. The most common signs of ethylmercury toxicity are paraesthesia, dysarthria, and constriction of the visual field. However, none of the symptoms of ethylmercury toxicity are specific and death is a common outcome if exposure levels are high. 

Only a few reports are available on reactions via acylsodium derivatives. Wanklyn [47] carried out a reaction of ethyl sodium, formed from Et2Zn and metallic sodium, with CO and observed the formation of diethyl ketone (Eq. (5.43)). Later, Schluback prepared ethyl sodium from ethyl mercury and metallic sodium and then reacted it with CO. Triethylcarbinol was obtained in addition to diethyl ketone [48], Ryang and Tsutsumi [49] reported the formation of different compounds for reactions using different solvents (Eqs. (5.44) and (5.45)). 

Water and snow Extraction of organic mercury immediately after sampling addition of organic mercury standards addition of KB and a benzene/ toluene mixture isolation and volume reduction of organic layer GC/AAS 4 ng (dimethyl mercury) 5 ng (ethyl mercury) No data Paudyn and Van Loon 1986... 

Cinca I, Dumitrescu I, Onaca P, et al. 1979. Accidental ethyl mercury poisoning with nervous system, skeletal muscle, and myocardium injury. J Neurol Neurosurg and Psychiatry 43 143-149... 

HillW. 1943. A report on two deaths from exposure to the fumes of a di-ethyl mercury. Can J Pub Health 34 158-160. 

Jalili HA, Abbasi AH. 1961. Poisoning by ethyl mercury toluene sulphonanilide. Br J Ind Med 18 303-308. 

Suda I, Takahashi H. 1992. Degradation of methyl and ethyl mercury into inorganic mercury by other reactive oxygen species besides hydroxyl radical. Arch Toxicol 66(l) 34-39. 

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