Textile Industry Compounds

ANEDCO AC-163 is an Amino Ethyl Alkyl Imidazoline Concentrate Suggested Uses  

ANEDCO AC-163 is a versatile basic intermediate which can be further modified by reacting with dimer-trimer acids to obtain an excellent film persistent-corrosion inhibitor. Various surfactants may be added to obtain improved water dispersibility. ANEDCO AC-163 may be reacted with a short chain organic acid such as acetic acid, hydroxy acetic acid, etc. to form a water-soluble corrosion inhibitor. 

Total Amine Value 192 Density 77F (25C) 7.6 Ibs/gal Flash Point 490F (254C) 

ANEDCO AC-164 is a fatty acid hydroxy ethyl Imidazoline Suggested Uses  

ANEDCO AC-164 is a versatile basic intermediate which can be further modified. It may also be used in other applications such as in fuels or lube oils. Other applications for ANEDCO AC-164 are as an inhibitor, a wetting agent, an emulsifier, and a cationic surfactant. Derivatives of ANEDCO AC-164 are useful as corrosion inhibitors for down-hole inhibition, invert emulsifiers, dispersants, and antistatic agents. 

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Other compounds are of industrial value lead chromate is chrome yellow, a valued pigment. Chromium compounds are used in the textile industry as mordants, and by the aircraft and other industries for anodizing aluminum. 

The 2-imino-4-thiazolines may be used as ultraviolet-light stabilizers of polyolefin compositions (1026). 2-Aminothiazole improves adhesive properties of wood to wood glue (271). Cbmpound 428 exhibits antioxidant properties (Scheme 242) (1027). Ammonium N-(2-thiazolyl)dithio-carbamate (429) is a bactericide and fungicide used in industrial products such as lumber, paint, plastics, and textiles (1037). Compound 430 is reported (1038) to form an excellent volume of foam coating in aluminum pans when ignited with propane. 

Quaternary Salts. Herbicides paraquat (20) and diquat (59) are the quaternary salts of 4,4 -bipyridine (19) and 2,2 -bipyridine with methyl chloride and 1,2-dibromoethane, respectively. Higher alkylpyridinium salts are used in the textile industry as dye ancillaries and spin bath additives. The higher alkylpyridinium salt, hexadecylpytidinium chloride [123-03-5] (67) (cetylpyridinium chloride) is a topical antiseptic. Amprolium (62), a quaternary salt of a-picohne (2), is a coccidiostat. Bisaryl salts of butylpyridinium bromide (or its lower 1-alkyl homologues) with aluminum chloride have been used as battery electrolytes (84), in aluminum electroplating baths (85), as Friedel-Crafts catalysts (86), and for the formylation of toluene by carbon monoxide (87) (see QuaternaryAA ONiUM compounds). 

At present, chlorine dioxide is primarily used as a bleaching chemical in the pulp and paper industry. It is also used in large amounts by the textile industry, as well as for the aching of flour, fats, oils, and waxes. In treating drinking water, chlorine dioxide is used in this country for taste and odor control, decolorization, disinfection, provision of residual disinfectant in water distribution systems, and oxidation of iron, manganese, and organics. The principal use of chlorine dioxide in the United States is for the removal of taste and odor caused by phenolic compounds in raw water supplies. 

The BASF patent from 1913 describes the manufacture of these products by the one-pot reaction of naphthalene, sulfuric acid, and formaldehyde. Quantitatively these polycondensates find their most important use in the textile industry. Although these compounds have been in use for many years, relatively little is known about their constitution. Extensive examinations of their systhesis and structures were recently carried out by Pochini [179,180]. 

In contrast to the lack of recognition for his valency theory, Frankland s work in organometallic compounds attracted considerable attention. When the city of Manchester opened England s first provincial university, Frankland was appointed its chemistry professor. Frankland was a self-made man, and Manchester was a city of self-made men made rich by Britain s textile industry. Its university was a new kind of institution for Britain. It was wholly secular, and its professors were chosen by merit, rather than by the established Church of England. Furthermore, the students—all male, of course—were admitted without regard to religion, rank, or social status. 

As expected based on the 3d10 4s2 configuration, zinc routinely forms +2 compounds, and all of the halides having the formula ZnX2 are known. Anhydrous ZnCl2, which has applications in the textile industry, can be prepared as shown by the following equation ... 

Bioremediation of food industry wastewater Bioremediation is a general concept that includes all those processes and actions that take place as an attempt to biotransform an environment, already altered by contaminants, to its original status. Laccase is a well-known enzyme in bioremediation because of its ability to degrade phenolic compounds (Morozova and others 2007). As mentioned for peroxidase, aromatic compounds, including phenols and aromatic amines, constitute one of the major classes of pollutants and are heavily regulated in many countries. This ability of laccases has been applied in different areas of both the food and textile industries, such as breweries and olive oil factories. 

The new Colour Index volume Pigments and Solvent Dyes lists some 350 solvent dyes and gives their chemical structures, unlike earlier editions which named 800 dyes but included few structures. This fall in numbers is not because of any decreased use but rather the general contraction in numbers of all dyes used in the textile industry. Solvent dyes have been introduced not by attempts to synthesise new colorants but by selection and in some cases modification of known disperse dyes to meet the technical requirements. The majority of solvent dyes are azo compounds but among the blue dyes there are anthraquinones. The aqueous solubility of some of the parent sulphonated dyes has been reduced to acceptable levels by formation of their salts with heavy metals or long-chain alkylamines. 

In the past twenty years many legal provisions have been created to regulate substance flows (recycling management systems, waste management, electrical and automotive recycling). In many instances these laws exphcitly contain threshold values for certain substances or even ban certain substances. They are thus very effective on the use of these substances in production processes. This is also tme for threshold values of chlorinated compounds in industrial waste, the ban on certain heavy metals in the automotive industry and substance-related requirements for waste water from the textile industry (Annexe 38 of Waste Water Ordinance ). 

Chromium(lll) sulfate is used as the electrolyte for obtaining pure chromium metal. It is used for chrome plating of other metals for protective and decorative purposes. Other important applications of this compound are as a mordant in the textile industry in tanning leather to dissolve gelatin to impart green color to paints, varnishes, inks, and ceramic glazes and as a catalyst. 

Some coordination compounds have been used as dyes and pigments, but it must be admitted that these applications developed without reference to the fact that the compounds are complexes. Examples of paint pigments are Prussian blue and the phthalocyanines metallized azo dyes are common in the textile industry. 

The development of modern organic pigments started with the synthesis of dyestuffs for the textile industry. The period up to 1900 was characterized by the discovery and development of many dyes derived from coal-tar intermediates. Rapid advances in color chemistry were initiated after the discovery of diazo compounds and azo derivatives (shown to be largely hydrazone derivatives). The wide color potential of this class of pigments and their relative ease of preparation led to the development of azo colors, which represent the largest fraction of manufactured organic pigments. 

POLYESTER FIBERS. The principal characteristics of these fibers are described in the endy on Fibers. Polyester fibers are defined as synthetic fibers containing at least 80% of a long-chain polymer compound of an ester of a dihydric alcohol and terephthalic acid. T he first polyester fiber to be commercialized was prepared from the ester in which the dihydric alcohol was ethylene glycol this fiber is the material used in the largest quantity bv the textile industry. For some other commercial uses, the ester 1,4-dimethyldicyclohexyl terephthalate is also used... 

Pyridine and derivatives of pyridine occur widely in nature as components of alkaloids, vitamins, and coenzymes. These compounds are of continuing interest to theoretical physical, organic, and biochemistry and to industrial chemistry. Pyridine and derivatives have many uses, e.g., herbicides and pesticides, pharmaceuticals, feed supplements, solvents and reagents, and chemicals for the polymer and textile industries. 

W. H. Perkin (1838-1907) was the first to make an artificial dye. He was trying to prepare quinine from coal tar but he was disappointed to obtain only a dark sticky substance. When he was cleaning this sticky substance with alcohol, it dissolved in alcohol and formed a purple solution. He crystallized a synthetic dye for the first time. The textile industry was revolutionized by this accidental discovery. This dye was called Mauve . Alizarin, the chemical compound that gives the natural dye madder its red colour, was successfully synthesized from anthracene in 1868. 

Effluents, released from textile companies, may contain dyes and auxiliaries used in the textile industry. The dyes themselves often form complex mixtures that contain considerable quantities of manufacturing precursors and by-products. However, for non-target analysis not only the large variety of compounds but also the large differences in the volatility, solubility and polarity of individual components pose problems. Most of the dyes are nonvolatile or thermally unstable. Thus, in recent years predominantly LC-MS techniques have been used for the analysis of dyes [10]. However, the combined use of LC-NMR and LC-MS offers extended possibilities which are illustrated by the analysis of an untreated waste water sample from a textile company [11],... 

Aluminium is the third most abundant element in the earth s crust and is used widely in the manufacture of construction materials, wiring, packaging materials and cookware. The metal and its compounds are used in the paper, glass and textile industries as well as in food additives. Despite the abundance of the metal, its chemical nature effectively excludes it from normal metabolic processes. This is due largely to the low solubility of aluminium silicates, phosphates and oxides that result in the aluminium being chemically unavailable. However, it can cause toxic effects when there are raised concentrations of aluminium in water used for renal dialysis. These effects are not seen when aluminium is at the concentrations usually present in drinking water. There is currently much activity to examine the factors that influence uptake of aluminium from the diet. 

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