Wastewater bioremediation

Bioremediation of food industry wastewater Bioremediation is a general concept that includes all those processes and actions that take place as an attempt to biotransform an environment, already altered by contaminants, to its original status. Laccase is a well-known enzyme in bioremediation because of its ability to degrade phenolic compounds (Morozova and others 2007). As mentioned for peroxidase, aromatic compounds, including phenols and aromatic amines, constitute one of the major classes of pollutants and are heavily regulated in many countries. This ability of laccases has been applied in different areas of both the food and textile industries, such as breweries and olive oil factories. 

PermeOx is also used to improve the bioremediation of soils contaminated with creosote or kerosene (see Bioremediation (Supplement)), to deodori2e sewage sludges and wastewater (see Odormodification), and to dechloriaate wastewater and effluents. A special formulation of calcium peroxide, made by FMC and sold ia the United States under the trademark Trap2ene, is used for removing metal ions from acidic waste streams such as coal ash leachate and acid mine drainage (see Wastes, industrial). 

Ex situ bioremediation may use various biological wastewater treatment processes, soil piles, or land appHcation. With in situ bioremediation, the basic process is the same microbes, soil, and water working together as a bioreactor. Where the in situ techniques differ are in how contaminants and microbes are brought in contact and how oxygen, nutrients, and other chemical supplements ate distributed in the soil—water—air matrix. Typical in situ bioremediation techniques include natural or intrinsic attenuation, air sparging, and bioventing. 

Amuda, O.S., Ojo, O.I., and Edewor, T.I., Biosorption of lead from industrial wastewater using Chrysophyllum albidum (Sapotaceae) seed shell, Bioremediation Journal, 11 (4), 183-194, 2007. 

Immobilized cells have been extensively used for the production of useful and biologically important chemicals [42, 43], for the treatment of wastewaters [44 -6], and for bioremediation of soil contaminated with numerous toxic chemicals. Immobilization not only simplifies separation and recovery of the immobilized bacteria and the binding agent, but it also makes the application reusable, which... 

Keharia H, Madamvar D (2003) Bioremediation concept for treatment of dye containing wastewater a review. Indian J Exp Biol 41 1068-1075... 

Bacteria used in azo-dye conversion are typically consortia. Only a few studies address single strains. Consortia were harvested in wastewater treatment plants, municipal or industrial. Some consortia were harvested from aerobic reactors, though most of the experience relates to anaerobic consortia. The single strains (.Pseudomonas, Sphigomonas, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, etc.) were typically isolated in bioremediation plants operating with xenobiotic-bearing wastewaters. 

Keywords Azo dyes, Bioremediation, Decolorization, Wastewater, Yeasts... 

Industrial wastewater, oxygen demand and organic carbon in, 25 887t Industrial wastewater flow, 25 885 Industrial wastewater pollution control, ozone use in, 17 808-809 Industrial wastewater treatment. See also Industrial water treatment activated carbon application, 4 752-753 and bioremediation, 3 755 Industrial water treatment, 26 125-150 biofouling in, 26 146-149... 

Gonzalez-Gonzalez, L.R. Buenrostro-Zagal, J.F. Luna-Martinez, A.D. Sandoval-Gomez, Y.G. Schettino-Bermudez, B.S. Treatment of an herbicide-contaminated wastewater in a membrane bioreactor by sulfate-reducing consortia. Proceedings, 7th International Symposium on In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation, Orlando, Florida, June 2-5, 2003. 

Aeration basins are wastewater ponds or lagoons that have air introduced by mechanical action. Aeration may be performed to assist aerobic bioremediation and/or to remove volatile organic compounds. In an aeration basin, oxygen is usually supplied by surface aerators or by diffused aeration units. The action of the aerators and that of the rising air bubbles from the diffuser is used to keep the contents of the basin in suspension. Aeration is widely used in wastewater treatment and can be adapted to treat groundwater. 

Microcat (meaning microbial catalysts) products constitute a bioremediation technology used on wastewaters, sludges, and soils. Microcat products include specialized microbial cultures, nutrients, and surfactants to remediate organic contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons. The products used in site remediation include ... 

TCE-degrading bacteria is a patented technology for the treatment of soil, groundwater and wastewater contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE). The particular strain of bacteria used in this technology does not require the addition of a toxic co-substrate to activate the bacterial destruction of TCE. The technology can be used to remediate virtually any media type contaminated with one or more volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including TCE, and can be used for in situ or ex situ bioremediation. 

All of these studies indicate that the microbial world has developed a wide variety of mechanisms to biodegrade PAHs. However, the specific, fundamental differences in catabolic machinery between microorganisms can be factors to consider in the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils and wastewater systems when the objective is detoxification in addition to removal of the parent compound (Middaugh etal., 1991,1993,1994). For example, it is clear that further studies are necessary to characterize the enzymes and mechanisms involved in PAH mineralization under ligninolytic and non-ligninolytic conditions when using white-rot fungi. 

PermeOx is also used to improve the bioremediation of soils contaminated with creosote or kerosene, to deodonze sewage sludges and wastewater, and to dechlonnate wastewater and effluents. See also Odor Modification. 

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