Test method foundation

The Kelsey-Sykes (KS) test. Having regard to the many disadvantages alleged against the RW and CM tests, attempts were made and published in the early 1960s to find improved test methods. The foundations for the new test were laid by Kelsey et al. in 1965, and with the collaboration of the late G. Sykes and ofisobel M. Maurer, the Kelsey-Sykes test was evolved. This test embodied several principles. Firstly, it was a capacity test. Here a bacterial inoculum was added to the disinfectant in three successive lots at 0, 1 and 5 minutes. This is the principle of a capacity test where the capacity or lack of capacity ofthe disinfectant to destroy successive additions of a bacterial culture is tested. 

Toxicology and environmental health studies often lack a firm foundation of baseline data, and the NASGLP is a perfect starting point for a baseline data survey. During the field component of the survey, the crews collected two composite samples. One represented the top 5 cm of the soil directly below the litter layer (which will include a lot of the airborne components if they are present), and a second came from the 0-30-cm interval, independent of which soil horizon this may represent. Within this interval (the active layer), most of the interactions between biota and the non-living soil components take place, and thus is the important interval for this type if study. Environment Canada s Biological Methods Division selected one of the northern New Brunswick sites to collect a bulk sample in an attempt to create reference sites across Canada for standardized toxicity test methods. 

The Spencer chemical Co, Kansas City, Missouri, thru a contract with the Armour Research Foundation, was working on an underwater testing method for evaluating the relative effectiveness of different expls by measuring the pressure produced.in the water by the de-... 

Second, there is an element of fashion or style attributed to a method either because of overzealous salesmanship, undue conservatism, or lack of knowledge of alternatives that often comes to play in the selection and review of a test method. The test should be able to stand alone as a means of answering specific questions about the effect of a xenobiotic. Tests that lack an adequate statistical or theoretical foundation should be avoided. Acquisition of data should not be an end unto itself. A well-designed toxicity evaluation should be comprised of toxicity tests that address particular questions which are the basis of the environmental concerns. 

The first attempt by any nation to establish a standard method for assessing nebulizer performance was made in the U.K. in 1994. Though now outdated and technically limited (29), this published standard set a precedent and a foundation for further research and development of test methods. Much has happened to progress the understanding of nebulizer performance in recent years which has, in part, led to the development of the widely resourced European standard in assessing nebulizer performance. 

Ohira, Y. 1977. Laboratory and in-situ testing methods. In Engineering Problems of Organic Soil in Japan, Yamanouchi, T, ed., Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 19-34. 

In their natural state, residual soils exhibit different behavior partly due to grading, index properties, mineral compositions, structure and bonding inherited from the parent rock. In the case of excavated material for use as fill, the effects of structure and bonding may be less pronounced. The preceding sections outline process and tests methods used in the characterization of residual tropical soils as natural foundations and engineered fills. 

A wide range of plastics test methods are available and routinely used to characterize plastics and rubber. Even a basic introduction to the common tests used is beyond the scope of this chapter. The following introductory discussion is on several selected test methods that will allow the reader to better understand the test data presented in other chapters. With most of these tests, there are an extensive theoretical foundation and numerous practical details on how to carry them out as well as the relevant standards that have been left out. With most tests described here, the experience of the operator in sample preparation, carrying out the tests, and analysis of data is critical to obtain rqtroducible results. 

Mechanical characterization of composite materials is a complex scenario to deal with, either because of the infinite number of combinations of fiber and matrix that can be used, or because of the enormous variety of spatial arrangements of the fibers and their volume content. The foundation of the testing methods for the measurement of mechanical properties is the classical lamination theory this theory was developed during the nineteenth century for homogeneous isotropic materials and only later extended to accommodate features enhanced by... 

Townsend, F. C. 1993. Comparison of Deep Foundation Load Test Method, FHWA 25th Annual Southeastern Transportation Geotechnical Engineering Conference, Natchez, MS, October 4-8. 

ASTM and ISO specimens were different populations. A future study could require one group of labs to test both types of specimens. The data presented in this study provides a foundation for further research into the relationship between the ASTM D 638 and ISO 527 test methods. 

The purpose of die tests described on the paper of Missouri School of Mines (Ref 7) is to help in predicting expl performance in rock from performance in water. Four expls were tested both in water and in rock so that direct comparison of the results of the two methods of testing could be made. The rock tests were made at a granite quarry operated by the Consolidated Quarries Division of the Georgia Marble Co, near Lithonia, Ga. The rock was uniform with sp gr ca 2.6 and propagation velocity of about 18000 ft/sec. The underwater tests were made in a deep pond at the Armour Foundation test facility near Coal Ciry, Illinois. Water had sp gr 1.0 and propagation velocity 5000 ft/sec... 

The methods of robust statistics have recently been used for the quantitative description of series of measurements that comprise few data together with some outliers [DAVIES, 1988 RUTAN and CARR, 1988]. Advantages over classical outlier tests, such as those according to DIXON [SACHS, 1992] or GRUBBS [SCHEFFLER, 1986], occur pri-marly when outliers towards both the maximum and the minimum are found simultaneously. Such cases almost always occur in environmental analysis without being outliers in the classical sense which should be eliminated from the set of data. The foundations of robust statistics, particularly those of median statistics, are described in detail by TUKEY [1972], HUBER [1981], and HAMPEL et al. [1986] and in an overview also by DANZER [1989] only a brief presentation of the various computation steps shall be given here. 

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