Test Configuration

Figure 1 shows the ultrasonic testing configuration used for detecting OSD. The ultrasonic focused probe is placed at an angle (18.9°) such that OSD are insonified by mode converted 45° shear waves. 

Fig. 4 Testing configurations of the pump-probe system (a) pulse-echo configuration, (b) split...

The Champ-Sons model is a most effieient tool allowing quantitative predictions of the field radiated by arbitrary transducers and possibly complex interfaces. It allows one to easily define the complete set of transducer characteristics (shape of the piezoelectric element, planar or focused lens, contact or immersion, single or multi-element), the excitation pulse (possibly an experimentally measured signal), to define the characteristics of the testing configuration (geometry of the piece, transducer position relatively to the piece, characteristics of both the coupling medium and the piece), and finally to define the calculation to run (field-points position, acoustical quantity considered). 

Figure 2 a) testing configuration b) measured Bscan c) Simulated Bscan... 

We have presented in this paper the modelling capabilities of the CIVA system. Two main connected softwares, Champ-Sons and Mephisto, allow the prediction of A, B, or Cscans obtained in many conventional and less conventional testing configurations. 

Peel tests are accompHshed using many different geometries. In the simplest peel test, the T-peel test, the adherends are identical in size, shape, and thickness. Adherends are attached at thek ends to a tensile testing machine and then separated in a "T" fashion. The temperature of the test, as well as the rate of adherend separation, is specified. The force requked to open the adhesive bond is measured and the results are reported in terms of newtons per meter (pounds per inch, ppi). There are many other peel test configurations, each dependent upon the adhesive appHcation. Such tests are well described in the ASTM hterature. 

Step 2. After a contact time t, the material is fractured or fatigued and the mechanical properties determined. The measured properties will be a function of the test configuration, rate of testing, temperature, etc., and include the critical strain energy release rate Gic, the critical stress intensity factor K[c, the critical... 

Figure 18 shows a widely used test configuration where the matrix is a sphere of resin deposited as a liquid onto the fiber and allowed to solidify. The top end of the fiber is attached to a load-sensing device, and the matrix is contacted by load points affixed to the crosshcad of a load frame or another tensioning apparatus. When the load points are made to move downward, the interface experiences a shear stress that ultimately causes debonding of the fiber from the matrix. 

However, use of the loss tangent in Eq. (13) is an oversimplification. Instead, we shall make use of an empirical dissipation law obtained in the study of rate-dependent adhesion of elastomers (19). Maugis and Barquins [19], in order to explain the dynamic adhesion of elastomers in a variety of test configurations (peel, flat punch, etc), proposed the following relation ... 

Scheme 7.12 shows some tested configurations of integrated total spectroscopy laboratories. Couplings may be parallel or in series other examples are LC-NMR-MS and GC-FUR-MS. Wilson [664] has... 

Figure 8.1 Schematic illustration of principal testing configurations a) tensile, b) compressive, and c) flexural...

We perform flexural testing on polymer rods or beams in the same basic apparatus that we use for tensile or compressive testing. Figure 8.6 illustrates two of the most common flexural testing configurations. In two-point bending, shown in Fig. 8,6 a), we clamp the sample by one end and apply a flexural load to the other. In three-point bending, shown in Fig. 8.6 b), we place the sample across two parallel supports and apply a flexural load to its center. 

Figure 23.1 Schematic of test configuration (all dimensions in mm) (a) combustor and injectors location (6) geometry of tube-micropylons, and (c) geometry of fin-pylons...

To detect EE from interply failure, the newly-formed fracture surfaces have to be exposed to the detector, requiring a change of sample and testing configuration. Such a study is currently underway, with unidirectional composites made from Hercules AU (untreated) and AS4 (surface treated) graphite fibers. 

Figure 11. Sketch of the specimen and test configuration to detect EE and AE from the interlaminar fracture of graphite/epoxy composites.

The table shows one of a variety of possible test configurations the EU requires at least 6 months of data before marketing. Clinical trial (CT) products do not require long shelf lives and therefore testing can be Umited. For some thermolabUe products, the temperature range may be lower, or testing at higher temperatures may be terminated quickly. A full analytical profile should be determined for all samples if possible. 

This discussion applies to various test configurations whether uniaxial or multiaxial and is related, in general, to commercially available testing machines with controlled jaw displacement rates. The characteri-... 

Shock initiation in gap test configurations. Proc. 7th Symp. (Inti) on Detonation, NSWC MP 82-334, Annapolis, MD, pp. 263-272. 

One interesting measurement that can be made on this circuit would be the stability. In order to measure the stability in the lab, a special test configuration is used. This test set up is shown in Fig. 4.2. The injection signal must be kept very small (700 /xV is suggested), and the measurement probes should be placed at R and A on the diagram in... 

The resulting breadboard measurement is shown in Fig. 4.4. The IsSpice result for the same test configuration is shown in Fig. 4.5. 

A schematic diagram, Figure 6, shows a typical underwater test configuration and oscilloscope record used to determine shock wave impulse. The pressure vs. time is displayed both at fast and slow scope speeds and the impulse vs. time at the faster scope speed. The impulse vs. time is electronically integrated from the pressure vs. time signal from the pressure gauge. 

Fig 6 This diagram shows an Underwater Test Configuration and the oscilloscope record used to determine shock wave impulse (positive of the record at right)... 

There are two basic test configurations. The first is a blind flange setup where the sample is clamped between a glass tube containing the liquid and a temperature-controlled heater. In this test, two samples can be tested under identical conditions. The second is a retaining cup clamped onto the sample. Figure 9.7 illustrates the two types of test cells. 

As addressed above, the ratio of the peak absorptions of these components is a function of test configuration. See Section 6.3.4.1. 

Fig. 4.2. Schematic diagrams of bottom-gate, top-contact (a) and bottom-gate, bottom-contact (b) thin film transistor test configurations.

In the most suitable test configuration for foods, the sample initially completely fills the gap between two coaxial horizontal discs, one attached to the base and the other to the crosshead, of a UTM-type solids rheometer. Lubrication between the sample and disc surfaces is achieved by Teflon coating the surfaces and/or deliberately lubricating the surfaces with a suitable liquid of very low viscosity. 

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