Terpenoids antioxidative activity

Mentha piperita subsp. citrata Briq. -horteia Tranquilizer Branch (infusion, ingested) Caboclos [57] Essential oils [138,139] flavonoid glycosides [140,141] menthol [142] menthofurolactone [143,144] pyridine-derivatives [145] mintlactone [146] flavones [147] triterpenes [148] terpenoids [149] sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons [150] menthofuran [151,152], Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities [138,265] antiallergic effect [140] anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects [266]... 

A variety of different volatile compounds such as the terpenoids thymol, carvacrol. eugenol, carvone and thujone, which are character-impact compounds for important spices (23,24), have antioxidative activity but the use of these compounds as aiilioxi dants for different foods are limited by the characteristic flavour of the particular compound. 

Almond is a nutrition-dense food providing a spectrum of macro- and micronutrients. Moreover, it is an excellent source of bioavailable phytochemicals that are believed to possess health promotion potentials. Among these phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, which are the major antioxidant active substances in almond. Other components such as tocopherols and terpenoids also make contribution to the antioxidant activity of almond. The health benefits of almond have been explored. Almond appears to be effective in reducing the risk of heart disease and cancer prevention, and consumption of ahnond is reconunended by FDA for better health conditions. 

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) contains flavonoids, phenols, volatile oil and terpenoids. Topical application of rosemary extract, carnosol or ursolic acid to mouse skin inhibited the covalent binding of benzo[a]pyrene to epidermal DNA (Huang et al. 1994), tumour initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz [ajanthracene (Singletary and Nelshoppen 1991), 12-0-tetradecano)dphorbol-13-acetate-induc-ed tumour promotion, ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity and inflammation. Carnosol showed potent antioxidative activity in a,a-diphe-nyl-P-picrylhydrazyl free radicals scavenge and DNA protection from Fenton reaction (Lo et al. 2002). 

Foti, M., Piattelli, M., Amioo, V., and Ruberto, G. 1994. Antioxidant activity of phenolic merodi-terpenoids from marine algae. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology, 26fl), 159-164. 

Heterodermia podocarpa Atranorin Zeorin Depsides Terpenoids APP MAP Antioxidant activity Antityrosinase activity Verma et al. (2008b, c)... 

The main effect of efferent action of Hepamal preparation is inhibition of LPO processes, increase of antioxidative abiUty of the organism and stimulation of enzymes of the organism s detoxication system. These activities are stipulated by natural vitamin complexes (A, E, PP, C, 6-carotenes, foUc acid) present in Hepamal, which have high antioxidative potential, whereas flavonoids and terpenoids, also present in the preparation, stimulate both detoxication phases. 

Exposure of rat primary mixed hippocampal cell cultures to either sodium nitroprusside (SNP 100 xM) or 3-morpholinosydnonimine resulted in both a decrease in cell survival and an increase in free-radical accumulation. These SNP-induced events were blocked by either EGb 761 (10 to 100 pg/ml) or its flavonoid fraction CP 205 (25 pg/ml), as well as by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC chelerythrine) and 1-type calcium channels (nitrendipine). In contrast, the terpenoid constituents of EGb 761, known as bilobalide and ginkgolide B, as well as inhibitors of phospholipases A [3-[4-octadecyl)benzoyl]acrylic acid (OBAA)] and C (U-73122), failed to display any significant effects. Moreover, EGb 761 (50 pg/ml), CP 205 (25 pg/ml), and chelerythrine were also able to rescue hippocampal cells preexposed to SNP (up to 1 mM). Finally, EGb 761 (100 g/ml) was shown to block the activation of PKC induced by SNP (100 xM). These data suggest that the protective and rescuing abilities of EGb 761 are not only attributable to the antioxidant properties of its flavonoid constituents but also by their ability to inhibit NO-stimulated PKC activity (Figure 36.1). 

Rosemary is composed of various phenolics such as rosmarinic acid, the flavonoid hesperidin, and the terpenoids camosic acid, camasol, and rosmanol (Al-Sereiti et al. 1999). Rosemary is well known for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity (Naghibi et al. 2005). Multiple extracts and bioactive constituents of rosemary were evaluated for in vitro effect on human cancer cells (Yesil-Celiktas etal. 2010). These included human small cell lung, prostate, liver, breast, and myeloid leukemia, all rosemary extracts and finctionated compounds were toxic to the cell lines at low doses but camosic acid was most effective (Yesil-Celiktas et al. 2010). Bakirel etal. reported in 2007 that ethanol extracts of rosemary reduced blood glucose, and increased insulin levels of rabbits with induced diabetes. They also noted increased levels of the antioxidants SOD and CAT in these animals. 

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