Systemic detoxication

The elemental homeostasis is the particularity of total homeostasis of organism, the alteration of the parameters of this system may result in pathological changes. The liver is the organ where the detoxication processes take place. The elemental content of the liver may reflect the pathological processes which occur not only in the liver but also in the whole organism. 

Many of the phase 1 enzymes are located in hydrophobic membrane environments. In vertebrates, they are particularly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver, in keeping with their role in detoxication. Lipophilic xenobiotics are moved to the liver after absorption from the gut, notably in the hepatic portal system of mammals. Once absorbed into hepatocytes, they will diffuse, or be transported, to the hydrophobic endoplasmic reticulum. Within the endoplasmic reticulum, enzymes convert them to more polar metabolites, which tend to diffuse out of the membrane and into the cytosol. Either in the membrane, or more extensively in the cytosol, conjugases convert them into water-soluble conjugates that are ready for excretion. Phase 1 enzymes are located mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum, and phase 2 enzymes mainly in the cytosol. 

A forbidden period is also recommended for each systemic insecticide. During this period natural processes of detoxication are going on within the plant. This is different for each plant and depends upon the climate. Broadly speaking, for strawberries in the northern hemisphere during the summer, the recommended interval between spraying and harvesting of strawberries, brussels sprouts, fruit trees and hops is about 5 weeks. 

Baez, S., Segura-Agmlar, J., Widersten, M., Johansson, AS., and Mannervik, B., 1997, Glutathione transferases catalyse the detoxication of oxidized metabohtes (o-quinones) of catecholamines and may serve as an antioxidant system preventing degenerative cellular... 

Kappus, H., 1986, Overview of enzyme systems involved in bioreduction of drugs and in redox cycling. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35 1-6 Kasper, C.B. and Henton, D., 1980, Glucuronidation. In Enzymatic basis of detoxication. 

NT059 Singh, A., and S. P. Singh. Modulatory potential of smokeless tobacco on the garlic, mace or black mustard-altered hepatic detoxication system enzymes, sulfhydryl content and lipid peroxidation in murine system. Cancer Lett... 

T0192 CURE International, Inc., CURE Electrocoagulation Wastewater Treatment System T0200 Delphi Research, Inc., DETOX... 

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