Terms and Terminology

Backward elimination is a variable selection algorithm for multiple linear regression it starts with all variables in the model and eliminates all nonsignificant variables see forward selection as well. 

Calibration data set is a part of the data on which the estimation of model parameters is carried out. 

Canonical variate is a linear combination of the original variables for the highest discrimination power. 

City block (Manhattan) distance equals the sum of absolute distances for each variable. 

Class membership information shows groups or clusters in the data. 

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DIN 55 945 Anstrichstoffe und ahnliche Beschichtungsstoffe Begriffe. ISO 4618-4-1988 Paints and varnishes - Vocabulary, Part 4 Further general terms and terminology relating to changes in films and raw materials. 

Nomenclature, n. The language of chemistry. A system of terms and terminology. The naming of elements and compounds. 

A number of glossaries of terms and symbols used in the several branches of chemistry have been pubHshed. They include physical chemistry (102), physical—organic chemistry (103), and chemical terminology (other than nomenclature) treated in its entirety (104). lUPAC has also issued recommendations in the fields of analytical chemistry (105), coUoid and surface chemistry (106), ion exchange (107), and spectroscopy (108), among others. 

A number of types of bituminous material exist and terminology is still somewhat confusing. The term bitumens in its widest sense includes liquid and solid hydrocarbons but its popular meaning is restricted to the solid and semisolid materials. The bitumens occur widely in nature and may be considered to be derived from petroleum either by evaporation of the lighter fraction under atmospheric conditions or by a deeper seated metamorphism. The purer native bitumens are generally known as asphaltites and include Gilsonite, extensively used for moulding, which occurs in Utah. 

The use of stress terminology has been discussed in Chapter 1, where it was pointed out that the value of the term stress in indicating some adverse force or influence lies in its extreme generality, without the need for a precise quantification. Nevertheless it is appropriate that a scientific discipline should be concerned with definable quantities. This will be the starting point for this paper, which will follow the example of Levitt (1972) who applied the concepts and terminology of mechanical stress (force per unit area) and strain (a definable dimension change) to the study of plant responses to the environment. This approach will be developed here in an attempt to incorporate the philosophies behind stress effects into a general treatment of the responses of ecosystems to adverse environmental conditions. 

To create our terminology containing both internal terms and external terms we semiautomatically extract terms from available external resources (e.g., MeSH, EMTREE, UniProt). Then we fit the extracted terms to our data structure and preserve the reference to the source system because sometimes terms are very specific to certain databases. We refer to the terms specific to a database as local terms. These local terms are stored in a dedicated data structure, the Metastore. It must be noted that we refer to accession codes and identifiers used in databases such as UniProt, RefSeq, and GO as local terms (see Tables 31.1 and 31.2). 

Besides the flat set of terms we also use and extract thesaurus relations such as synonymy , broader term and narrower term . By introducing these relationships we create a thesaurus from our terminology. The semantic knowledge encoded in the thesaurus is used for expansion of queries within the KSP and also for enriching the UltraLink. 

Table 4.2 summarizes this basic classification and terminology of silicates. It is worth remembering that the term infinite refers here to an atomic scale of measurement, and does not imply that the chains extend to infinity in the mathematical sense of the word The terminology surrounding the silicates and clay minerals, in common with other mineralogical terms, has never been fully systematized, and so the names given are often ill-defined, or not unique to a... 

Finally, abrief nofe on spelling and terminology the word fluidization may also be spelt fluidisation. The former has been used through-ouf fhis book excepf in the references to published works where the original published spelling has been retained. The term fluid bed is also in common usage and in most cases is taken to mean the same as fluidized bed. Again, 1 have used this where it appears in the titles of books and papers but not otherwise. 

There are four chapters to the handbook with specific terms, acronyms and terminology pertinent to each section and the data contained therein. This chapter provides first an overview of the informational data base and second, it provides specific description of the terms pertinent to the four chapters. 

The literature gives a wide range of practical guidelines for the evaluation of method performance characteristics [58]. Besides the diversity of approaches, also the terminology and way of reporting results vary widely. Differences may occur depending on the purpose and the application field of the method, and validation studies may become more difficult as the complexity of the analysis increases [86]. In what follows, terms and formulas are taken from the accepted IUPAC nomenclature for the presentation of results of chemical analysis [66]. For each validation parameter, definitions, ways of expression, determination guidehnes, and acceptance criteria are reported in Table 5. 

The primary condition for a bimolecular process is close approach of two molecules, which in normal terminology is called a collision. The closeness of approach is a variable term and depends on the nature of interaction between the two colliding partners. For ground state molecules, the collisions are defined by gas kinetic theory based on a hard sphere model. The number of collision per second between unlike molecules A and B and between molecules of the same kind are, respectively,... 

Abstract The authors propose definitions and terminology for protocols on traceability links, generally to the international system of units, for specific chemical-analytical measurements in accordance with recognized principles of science. These definitions and terms could be useful in science, technology, commerce or law. A chain of such links leads from a measurand in a sample up to a unit in the International System of Units or, if unavailable, to a value on an internationally recognized measurement scale. The quality of such a chain is quantified by combining all recognized uncertainties estimated for all its links. These uncertainties of... 

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