Terminology, chemical

A number of glossaries of terms and symbols used in the several branches of chemistry have been pubHshed. They include physical chemistry (102), physical—organic chemistry (103), and chemical terminology (other than nomenclature) treated in its entirety (104). lUPAC has also issued recommendations in the fields of analytical chemistry (105), coUoid and surface chemistry (106), ion exchange (107), and spectroscopy (108), among others. 

V. Gold, A. D. McNaught, and P. Sehmi, compilers. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, BlackweU, Oxford and London, 1987. 

Not all chemistry textbooks provide a clear description of what stereo- and structural formulas imply. Maybe the concepts of spatial and topological congruence of graphs could contribute to the clarification of the chemical terminology. 

For terminology and concepts in physical organic chemistry we rely mainly on the Glossary of Terms used in Physical Organic Chemistry (IUPAC, 1983) and the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (IUPAC, 1987 a). 

In principle, such propositions resemble the bipolaron model, which presents the physicist s view of the electronic properties of doped conducting polymers 53-159) The model was originally constructed to characterize defects in solids. In chemical terminology, bipolarons are equivalent to diionic spinfree states of a system (S = 0)... 

Gold, V. Loening, K.L. McNaught, A.D. Sehmi, P. Compendium of Chemical Terminology lUPAC Recommendations, Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford, 1987. 

Students use of diagrams is frequently hmited by their lack of chemical knowledge, their lack of ability to attend to the detail of the diagram and their lack of ability to use chemical terminology accurately, evidenced by the incorrect use of chemical phrases and misuse of everyday language. There are three important facts that need to be imderstood in order to gain a better imderstanding of the sub-micro level ... 

A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Blackwell Science, 1997. 

McNaught AD, Wilkinson A (1997) (eds) Compendium of chemical terminology IUPAC recommendations. The gold book, 2nd edn. Blackwell, Oxford http //www.iupac.org/publications/compendium/index.html... 

Hogfeldt, E. Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexes. Part A Inorganic Ligands. lUPAC Chemical Data Series No. 22, Pergamon Press, New York (1982). McNaught, A. D. and Wilkinson, A. lUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, Second Edition, Blackwell Science (1997). 

R. A. Y. Jones and J. F. Bunnett. Nomenclature for organic chemical transformations (lUPAC Recommendations 1989) , PureAppl. Chem. 61, 725-768 (1989). lUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book ). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A.Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). XML on-line corrected version http //goldbook.iupac.org (2006-) created by M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata updates compiled by A. Jenkins. 

Note 2 In a general chemical terminology, the term inhibitor is defined as a substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction [1]. 

The recent TUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology—The Gold Book recommends that the name of compounds having the structure R2N—O" R2N +—0 is more appropriately that of aminoxyl radicals . The synonymous terms nitroxyl radical or nitroxide are accordingly not desirable, even though quite popular in various fields of science and technology. This chapter follows a previous chapter of the series and, for this historical reason, retains the old terminology of the compounds in the title, but this use will be discontinued from now on in the text. 

When Boyle began his scientific work, chemistry was not yet a science. The complexity of the materials with which chemists worked made generalizations about their behavior difficult. There was no standard chemical terminology and no concept of chemical purity. Paracelsus had tried to use chemical preparations that were as pure as possible but most who succeeded him didn t bother. No distinction was made between organic and inorganic substances, and there was no clear understanding of the difference between acids, bases, and salts. 

In the lUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology (2007) one can find two articles with a definition of limitation. 

Rate-controlling step (2007). In lUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, Electronic version, http / /goldbook.iupac.org/R05139.html... 

Smith, J. M., van Ness, H. C., and M. Abbott, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001. lUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology www.iupac.org/publications/compendium/index.html... 

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