Proposed definitions

LuscombeNM, Greenbaum D, Gerstein M (2001) What is bioinformatics A proposed definition and overview of the field. Methods Inf Med 40 346-58... 

According to a proposed definition, the electron work function

Fermi level of the metal across a surface carrying no net charge, and to transfer it to infinity in a vacuum. The work function for polycrystalline metals cannot be precisely determined because it depends on the surface structure it is different for smooth and rough surfaces, and for different... 

Before we discuss specific medications, there are two questions that demand attention. First, just what is an atypical antipsychotic Second, how does an atypical antipsychotic work Several proposed definitions of atypicality have been tossed about. They include ... 

As CMP materials are constantly progressing, it would be delusive to propose definitive practical recipes. However, taking into account all the elements previously set out, some cleaning processes using a scrubber or wet chemistries adapted to some typical CMP situations can be proposed for example purposes (see Table II). 

Proposed definition 1 There is a 4.2 per cent probability that = p.2... 

In Section 3.3.1 we defined the p-value and briefly mentioned a common incorrect definition. We will return now to discuss why this leads to considerable misinterpretation. In the example of Section 3.3.1 we had observed a treatment difference of 5.4 mmHg with a p-value of 4.2 per cent and the proposed definition (incorrect) was that there is a 4.2 per cent probability that pj = 2 -The problem with this definition is the misinterpretation when the p-value is large. As an extreme case suppose that we ran a trial in hypertension with two patients per group and also suppose that even though in truth the true treatment... 

All these systems are aromatic according to our proposed definition. To apply Kaneko s graphic method,12,15 all the pairs of electrons must be used in a circular way (e.g., 6 6 6"). 

The criteria (9.23), (9.24), and (9.26) are all rather obvious properties of Euclidean geometry. All of these properties can be traced back to mathematical properties of the scalar product (R Ry), the key structure-maker of a metric space. We therefore wish to determine whether a proposed definition of scalar product satisfies these criteria, and thus guarantees that M is a Euclidean space. 

Substitute milk products may not be equivalent to cow s milk in terms of the quantity and in some cases the quality of fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals. Fat, carbohydrate, sodium, fiber, and energy, as well as the nutrients for which no U.S. RDA has been established, were not considered by FDA in its proposed definition of nutritional equivalency. In terms of quality, coconut oil, the primary and in most instances the sole fat used in substitute as well as imitation milk products, is a more saturated fat than milk fat and lacks linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid. Thus, a substitute dairy product formulated with hydrogenated coconut oil and sucrose and containing more so-... 

According to a recently proposed definition, expanded porphyrins possess more than 16 atoms in the inner or, more precisely, smallest circuit of the macrocycle (porphyrin 1 contains exactly 16 atoms in the smallest macrocyclic circuit) [11], In addition to porphyrinoid macrocycles traditionally recognized as expanded, i.e., possessing more than four cyclic subunits or more than four meso bridges, this new definition encompasses some other systems, such as p-benziporphyrin 150. Regardless of the exact definition, expanded porphyrins constitute an unusually rich and diverse family of structures, and have been the subject of several excellent reviews [2, 5, 11, 146], The relationship between aromaticity and tautomerism in... 

Abstract The authors propose definitions and terminology for protocols on traceability links, generally to the international system of units, for specific chemical-analytical measurements in accordance with recognized principles of science. These definitions and terms could be useful in science, technology, commerce or law. A chain of such links leads from a measurand in a sample up to a unit in the International System of Units or, if unavailable, to a value on an internationally recognized measurement scale. The quality of such a chain is quantified by combining all recognized uncertainties estimated for all its links. These uncertainties of... 

Feb. 19,1859, Wijk, Sweden - Oct. 2,1927, Stockholm, Sweden). Arrhenius developed the theory of dissociation of electrolytes in solutions that was first formulated in his Ph.D. thesis in 1884 Recherches sur la conductibilit galvanique des dectrolytes (Investigations on the galvanic conductivity of electrolytes). The novelty of this theory was based on the assumption that some molecules can be split into ions in aqueous solutions. The - conductivity of the electrolyte solutions was explained by their ionic composition. In an extension of his ionic theory of electrolytes, Arrhenius proposed definitions for acids and bases as compounds that generate hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions upon dissociation, respectively (- acid-base theories). For the theory of electrolytes Arrhenius was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903 [i, ii]. He has popularized the theory of electrolyte dissociation with his textbook on electrochemistry [iv]. Arrhenius worked in the laboratories of -> Boltzmann, L.E., -> Kohlrausch, F.W.G.,- Ostwald, F.W. [v]. See also -> Arrhenius equation. 

In neither case was it possible to propose definitive mechanisms due to the complexity of the systems in the 7-alumina study, it is suggested that adsorption-desorption processes are slow relative to rapid dismutation between two adsorbed species [105], while from the chromia study mono-molecular halogen exchange reactions with metal halide surface sites are indicated [38], The latter mechanism is reminiscent of the halogen exchange model proposed [95] for C2 CFCs on fluorinated chromia. 

The survey concludes with a proposed definition of a protein label and with an account of present trends in protein labeling. 

The above definition thus includes the classical fibrillar crazes (formed on surfaces, in thin films or in the bulk at lower or higher temperatures in preoriented or isotropic material, in the presence or absence of a solvant or diluant) as well as those crazes which contain so many voids and cross-ties within the heavily deformed craze matter that it becomes difficult to identify individual fibrils. The Editor is extremely grateful to all authors of this volume and to Dr. G. H. Michler for frequent discussions on the above subject and for their constructive comments which led to the above Jointly proposed definition. 

In addition to this objection, 1 believe that Roemer s approach is inadequate In a more fundamental way. Intuitively, exploitation has a causal as well as a moral aspect. The fact that some end up as exploiters and others as exploited must be due to some interaction between them (or to some network of interaction through which they are linked to one another). Now it is generally true that causal statements cannot be captured exhaustively by counterfactual statements "A caused B" is neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition for the truth of "If A had not occurred, B would not have occurred." Hence we know in advance that Roemer s attempt to capture the causal notion of exploitation by statements about hypothetical withdrawal rules is bound to fail. It is easy, moreover, to provide counterexamples to the proposed definition. ... 

Briere, P.R. (2000) Playa, playa lake, sabkha Proposed definitions for old terms. Journal of Arid Environments 45, 1-7. 

Finally, the inference tool closes the loop by assisting in the inference of process definitions from process instances. The inference tool analyzes process instances and proposes definitions of task and relationship types. These definitions are stored in a knowledge base which may be loaded into Rational Rose. In this way, bottom-up evolution is supported. For a more detailed description of the inference tool, the reader is referred to [390]. 

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