Conductivity Temperature

At the upper level of the mix, coke and lime are relatively cold and incapable of carrying any current. At a distance of ca 30 cm below the surface the mix is hot enough to carry some current between electrodes. Penetration of the electrodes into the furnace is usually 90—125 cm. Mix at the electrode tip may reach 1600°C at which temperature conductivity is good but usually not sufficient to melt the lime. 

In 1972, the first stable organic conductor was reported, one of the forms of TCNQ, TetraCyaNo-Quinodimethane. Its room-temperature conductivity was... 

Although (SN)x does not react with water or acidic solutions, it slowly decomposes in alkaline solutions and it is readily oxidized. Partial bromination of (SN) or powdered S4N4 with bromine vapour yields the blue-black polymer (SNBro.4)x which has a room temperature conductivity of 2 x 10" cm . The sulfur-nitrogen chain in this... 

The room temperature conductivity data for a wide variety of ionic liquids are listed in Tables 3.6-3, 3.6-4, and 3.6-5. These tables are organized by the general type of ionic liquid. Table 3.6-3 contains data for imidazolium-based non-haloaluminate alkylimidazolium ionic liquids. Table 3.6-4 data for the haloaluminate ionic liquids, and Table 3.6-5 data for other types of ionic liquids. There are multiple listings for several of the ionic liquids in Tables 3.6-3-3.6-5. These represent measurements by different researchers and have been included to help emphasize the significant vari-... 

Typically, large-scale gas filling makes the main characteristics of foam plastics — coefficients of heat and temperature conductivity, dielectric permeability, and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle — totally independent of the chemical structure of the original polymer [1],... 

Abraham KM, Jiang Z (1997) PEO-Kke polymer electrolytes with high room temperature conductivity. J Electrochem Soc 144 L136-L138... 

Polycrystalline samples of these materials have a room-temperature conductivity of about 0.5 S/m, but at 300°C the conductivity is about 10 S/m. 

Moreover, it was shown that the presence of Hal Hal interactions between the partially oxidized molecules also contribute to the electronic delocalization. Indeed, the presence of non-zero atomic coefficients on the halogen atoms in the HOMO of EDT-TTF-Br2 or EDT-TTF-I2 [66], together with the short Hal Hal contacts, leads to a sizeable increase of the band dispersion and stabilizes a rare (V structure through the side-by-side arrangement of the inversion-centred dyads connected by Hal- Hal interactions. Both 13 salts are semiconductors with room temperature conductivities around... 

The electrocrystallization and characterization of a novel molecular metal which displays both electronic and ionic conduction has been reported. The complex Li0.6(15-crown-5-ether)[Ni-(dmit)2] H20 is composed of stacks of [Ni(dmit)2] units which provide pathways for electronic conduction. The stacks are separated by parallel stacks of 15-crown-5-ether moieties in a channellike formation which facilitates ion conduction. The salt has a room temperature conductivity of 240 Scm-1. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and NMR measurements were used to prove the existence of Li+ movement within the crown ether channels.1030... 

The salt (TTF)2[Ni(tdas)2l (390) was obtained by electrocrystallization with a room temperature conductivity of 0.1 Scm-. This indicates the potential of these complexes as components of conducting materials. Some tdas complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystal structure.1062- 64... 

As we shall see in Section 11.4, the measurement of the low-temperature conductivity k of a metal can be very difficult. On the contrary, the measurement of the electrical conductivity a is quite easy. 

Pressed pellet conductivity measurements on some of these radicals (e.g. 24 and 29) indicate room temperature conductivities of < 10-6 S cm-1.62 The low... 

Crystals of (TTF)[Au(C6F5)C1] have been grown by electrocrystallization [53] however, their crystal structure has not been determined. The room temperature conductivity, as measured on compacted pellets, is quite low (10-6 S cm-1). At room temperature, the EPR line width of these salts is about 10 G. This line width decreases with temperature as a result of increased spin-lattice relaxation times and a lower electrical conductivity. 

The (TTFPh)2.5[Au(C6F5)2Cl2], (TTFPh)[Au(C6F5)2I2] and (TTF)[Au(C6F3H2)2 Cl2] salts have been prepared by electrocrystallization [53]. Their crystal structures have not been determined but their stoichiometries have been estimated through elemental analysis. Their room temperature conductivities, as measured on compressed pellets, are 2 x 10 1 x 10-3, and 2 x 10 6 S cm-1, and their EPR line... 

The synthesis of Au(ppy)(CxH4Sg) and Au(ppy)(C 10-C6SX), including the crystal structure of the former, have been reported [97]. The triiodide and TCNQ salts of both complexes have also been prepared by chemical oxidation. Analysis of the EPR spectra indicates that the oxidation is centered on the dithiolate ligands. High room temperature conductivities of 2-4 x 10-2 S cm-1 were measured on compacted polycrystalline samples for the oxidized complexes. 

To our knowledge, there are less than 30 compounds based on radical-cations and M(dmit)2 systems (Table 2). Most of them contain divalent or monovalent M(dmit)2 units, and only a few of them have been structurally and magnetically characterized. Since they are not in a fractional oxidation state, they behave as insulators with low room-temperature conductivity. 

In contrast, (BDTA)[Ni(dmit)2]2 has been fully characterized [89] (X-ray structure, magnetic susceptibility data, band structure and conductivity). It exhibits an SC behavior with a room-temperature conductivity of 0.1 S cm-1. Its magnetic behavior is dominated by AFM interactions, probably due to the coupling between the Ni(dmit)2 moieties. Although its properties are not spectacular, this complex is the first well-characterized example of a salt containing partially-oxidized Ni(dmit)2 moieties with a radical cation. 

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