Conductivity as a Function of Temperature

3 Properties of PEDOT PSS Films Including Secondary Dopants 9.3.3.1 Conductivity as a Function of Temperature 

---

Fig. 5. Conductivity as a function of temperature for some highly conducting solid electrolytes, where X in CuX is Cl, Br, or I (11).

Figure 6.4 shows the change in the sensor conductivity as a function of temperature. Curve / shows the dependence of sensor resistivity with temperature when the sensor is positioned in evacuated installation. The introduction of antimony hydride was made at temperature - 75°C bringing about no change in resistivity. When the temperature of the sensor was increased up to - 20 C there were no effects detected on its resistivity caused by antimony hydride. Only at higher temperatures one can observe deviation of dependence RiT) from curve 1 which is caused by decomposition of SbHa on ZnO. These results led to experiments on emission of H-atoms in a special vial when Sb-film treated by H-atoms was kept at a room temperature and sensors were kept at the temperature of - 80 C. Under these conditions, as is shown by above reasoning. 

It was subsequently shown that the presence of a catalyst accelerates the attainment of the ortho-para equilibrium. Measurements of properties such as the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature then indicate that an equilibrium between the two species has been established. 

Key material properties for SOFC, such as the ionic conductivity as a function of temperature, are available in refs 36—39. In addition, Todd and Young ° compiled extensive data and presented estimation methods for the calculation of diffusion coefficients, thermal conductivities, and viscosities for both pure components and mixtures of a wide variety of gases commonly encountered in SOFCs. Another excellent source of transport properties for gases and mixtures involved in a SOFC is the CHEMKIN thermodynamic database. ... 

Also estimate e/kg and o for Ar from the critical temperature Tc = — 122°C and critical pressure pc = 48 atm. Calculate the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature using these Lennard-Jones parameters. 

The cool-down process of the cold-start experiment also provides an opportunity to obtain the membrane proton conductivity as a function of temperature at a known water content. Note that the temperature dependence of proton conductivity with low membrane water content is of particular interest here as PEFC cold start rarely involves fully hydrated membranes after gas purge. In addition, unlike PEFCs operated under normal temperatures, the membrane resistance under low water content and low temperature typical of cold start conditions is much greater than the contact resistance, making in-situ measurements of the membrane proton conductivity in a PEFC a simple but accurate method. 

Figure 1. Proton conductivity as a function of temperature for various membrane water content k between room temperature and —30°C. (reproduced with permission...

Figure 18. Conductivity as a function of temperature and relative humidity and results of atomistic simulation. The closed symbols are experimental data points.138 The open symbols are simulation data points.138 Reprinted from Journal of Electrochemical Society, X. Zhou, Z. Chen, F. Delgado, D. Brenner, R. Srivastava, J. Electrochem. Soc. 154, B82 (2007)— reproduced by permission of the Electrochemical Society.

Figure 5. Ohmic bulk conductivities as a function of temperature for two LSGM pellets with 15% and 17% Mg concentration. Linear best fit to the data is also superimposed on the plots...

Figure 44. The steady-state voltage of an electron-blocking experiment on YBa2Cu306+jr allows the determination of its ion conductivity as a function of temperature and the assignment to an oxygen partial pressure.11,238 Reprinted from J. Maier, P. Murugaraj, G. Pfundtner, W. Sitte, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1350-1356, (1989) 93, 1989 with permission from Deutsche Bunsen-Gesellschaft fur Physikalische Chemie.

Figure 8.2 Thermal conductivity as a function of temperature for various solids [2][3]. The two traces of single-crystal alumina were from separate investigations.

FIGURE 1 (a) A typical behaviour of persistent photoconductivity (PPC) in Mg-doped p-GaN grown by reactive MBE. (b) The dark conductivity as a function of temperature. The bottom curve (solid circles) represents data taken with the sample cooling down in the dark, while the top curve (open triangles) is for data taken with the sample illuminated at 10 K for about ten minutes and then warming up in the dark. After [5],... 

Figure 12.3 shows the room-temperature crystal structure of TTF TCNQ [17], and Fig. 12.4 shows its conductivity as a function of temperature [16]. 

It was recognized early (38) that the sodium-tungsten bronzes were vollkom-mene Leiter fur den electrischen Strom, though the first quantitative measurements of conductivity as a function of temperature indicated semiconducting behavior (14). Such semiconducting behavior continues to be reported (24)... 

Conductivity vs. Temperature of Chlorine Trifluoride. The conductivity of chlorine trifluoride has been measured over the temperature range from near the boiling point (+11.3° C.) to —130° C. Figures 2 and 3 are plots of the conductivity as a function of temperature as the sample of chlorine trifluoride is cooled from the boiling point at a rate of approximately 2°-3° C. per minute. The conductivity increases slightly... 

Because you are probably brain dead after working your way through all of those mechanical models, we will first remind you of the type of data you observe in, for example, a stress relaxation experiment as a function of time (shown schematically in Figure 13-83) compared to an equivalent experiment conducted as a function of temperature (see Figure 13-82) there is an obvious equivalence. 

Can one explain this importance of the slag Measurements of conductance as a function of temperature and of transport number indicate that the slag is an ionic conductor (liquid electrolyte). In the metal-slag interface, one has the classic situation (Fig. 5.81) of a metal (i.e., iron) in contact with an electrolyte (i.e., the molten oxide electrolyte, slag), with all the attendant possibilities of corrosion of the metal. Corrosion of metals is usually a wasteful process, but here the current-balancing partial electrodic reactions that make up a corrosion situation are indeed the very factors that control the equilibrium of various components (e.g., S ) between slag and metal and hence the properties of the metal, which depend greatly on its trace impurities. For example,... 

Figure 2 shows the room-temperature crystal structure of TTF TCNQ [188], and Fig. 3 shows its conductivity as a function of temperature [24]. At high temperature TTF TCNQ is metallic, with o-(T) ocT since TTF TCNQ has a fairly high coefficient of thermal expansion therefore a more meaningful quantity to consider is the conductivity at constant volume o fT) T this means that one-phonon scattering processes are dominant [189]. It has been determined that a CDW starts at about 160 K on the TCNQ stacks at 54 K CDWs on different TCNQ chains couple at 49 K a CDW starts on the TTF stacks, and by 38 K a full Peierls transition is seen. At Tp the TTF molecules slip by only about 0.034 A along their long molecular axis [190]. 

FIG. 56. Calculated value.s of apparent thermal conductivity as a function of temperature and specimen thickness (Gardon, 1968J. 

The thermal resistance between substrate and coating is probably negligibly small since the coating adheres well to the substrate, particularly for the few thermal cycles tested over here. For the thermal conductivity contribution of the 403 stainless steel substrate, we use data obtained previously on 410 stainless steel [8], Figure 5 shows thermal conductivity as a function of temperature for 410 stainless steel as measured in the guarded hot plate. 

Results from the DIPPR project (5) were selected for thermal conductivity of gas. Data for gas thermal conductivity as a function of temperature were correlated using the Equation (1-9). Reliability of results is good with errors of about 1-10% or less in most cases. 

---