Static high temperature and pressure conductivity cells

1 Static high temperature and pressure conductivity cells 

The first measurements of the electrical conductivity of aqueous electrolytes at high temperature were performed 100 years ago by Noyes and co-workers at MIT (Noyes et al., 1903, 1907, 1910a, 1910b) using a high-pressiue platimun-lined steel vessel. The body of the cell is one of the electrodes, while two others platimun electrodes were located in the upper and lower part of the vessel and insulated from it by mica and quartz washers. The solution is filled into the cell and it remains static diuing the measiue-ment performed near saturation with vapor phase. The platimun electrode on the vessel wall was in contact with the liquid and vapor phase and the conductivity of the solution was measured between this electrode and the electrode at the bottom vessel. The third electrode at the upper part of the cell was in contact with the vapor phase and it allowed determining the voliune of the sample. 

Noyes and coworkers measiued with this cell the conductivity of NaCl, KCl, HCl, NaOH, HNO3, AgNOj, Ba(N03)2, H2SO4, K2SO4, MgS04, and NaCH3COO at temperatures up to 306°C. 

A number of static high temperature cells were developed later for electrical conductivity. Some of them have been used for measiuements at temperatures below the critical temperature of water. Thus, Khitarov et al. (1963), EUis 

Some authors have used conventional glass cell in sealed autoclave, but in this case the temperature was limited to 225 °C (Campbell et al, 1954), 230 °C (Korobkov et al., 1970), 250 °C (Baghalha and Papangelakis, 2000), 300 °C (Gorbachev and Kondrat ev, 1961, 1965 Kondrat ev and Nikich, 1963, Polyakov, 1965) or 340 °C (Rodnanskii and Galinker, 1955) and saturation vapor pressure. Other cell designs (Bannard, 1975 Goemans et al., 1997) used a furnace to heat the middle part of the cell while the end parts, where the pressure seals are located, remains cold. 

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