Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity

The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity has been used [365] to distinguish between the possible structural modifications of the Mn02 yielded by the thermal decomposition of KMn04. In studies involving additives, it is possible to investigate solid-solution formation, since plots of electrical conductivity against concentration of additive have a characteristic V-shape [366]. 

FIGURE 1.5 (a) Temperature dependence of electric conductivity (b) infrared electric conductivity of PANI-CSA. 

Figure 3. Temperature dependences of electrical conductivities for the Na SO.-Y CSO,)o-Si09.

Fig. 14. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity for sputtered films of perovskite-type solid solutions. From ref. [73].

Results obtained in the studies of temperature dependencies of electric conductivity of the synthesized ARS support the above assumptions. 

Below 120 K, the temperature dependence of electric conductivity of [N-CH3-Pz](TCNQ) is well approximated by a theoretical curve obtained in the frame of the simple activation energy model ... 

New very promising possibilities have opened by recently observed quantum effects in nanogranular metals described partly in Section 6. But much more detailed knowledge is needed for their use, so studies on these effects should be continued. Also, some problems known to be unsolved for a long time, such as the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and a reason for the Hall effect, are also looking for their solution. The affect of shape distribution on magnetic, electrical, optical and relaxation processes is not clear today in detail the task appears to be too sophisticated but it should be solved at least by computer simulation. 

Figure 2. Temperature dependance of electrical conductivity for the sample irradiated at 14 kGy.

Figure 5. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of CuH7Li (CHs)20 in toluene...

Figure 8 shows the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity (o) plotted as log(o/D vs. For higher measuring... 

Figures 13 and 14 show the crystal structure and the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity measured along the one-dimensional axis, fc-axis, of TTF-TCNQ [53]. The conductivity increases with decreasing temperature down to about 60 K below which the conductivity is characterized by thermally activated nature. The metallic properties are ascertained by much experimental evidence such as optical reflectivity, spin-magnetic susceptibility, and thermopower [54]. In the insulating state similar measurements also suggest the presence of a band gap at the Fermi level. These measurements suggest the metal-insulator transition to oceur at 53 K.

Figure 21 shows temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility of MEM(Af-methyl-iV-ethyl-morpholinium)-(TCNQ)2 [70]. At about 335 K it undergoes a metal-insulator transition accompanied by the onset of a two-fold superstructure and a temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility characteristic of localized moments. It is considered as depicted in Fig. 22(a) that a dimerized TCNQ accepts an electron localized by, for example, the Mott transition or the Wigner crystallization. The solid curve shown in Fig. 21(b) denotes the theoretical prediction for the magnetic susceptibility of a one-... 

Compare the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of a metal with that of a typical metalloid. Explain the difference. 

Rice (1961) and Raleigh (1963) supposed that the concentration of electrons is proportional to the concentration of cations in the lower oxidation state. Such a condition is well fulfilled in metal-metal halide systems in the range of high concentrations of metal halide (when the metal is a minor component). However, in systems with comparable concentrations of both the cations, the situation is somewhat different. An electron can jump only when an electron donor has an electron acceptor in its neighborhood. The probability that such an acceptor is available is equal to the product x(Me +)-x(Me + " ). The exponential character of the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity is due to the fact that the concentration of cations in lower oxidation state increases with increasing temperature, which consequently increases the jump probability of the electron. 

Figure 7.06. Comparison of the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity T (full symbols) and the diffusion-induced part of the NSR rate, l/T Qjj ff (open symbols) vs inverse temperature for different Ge02 Li glasses. Actual Li content is listed in the Figure. (After Kanert et al., 1991).

Fig.2 Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity for 2-stage FGM of PbTe shown with those for component (1) and (2) with different electron concentration listed in Table 1...

Fig. 1 Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity a for two DIP -TCNQ single crystals. 

Fig. A Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity for one DIPS -TCNQ single crystal showing degradation of the conductivity maximum ...

Figure 7.21 Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of ZnO (right axis) and charge carrier concentration (left axis).

Figure 25 shows the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and molecular structure of poly-59.As evident in this figure, conductivity increases with temperature just as for other conventional nondoped conducting polymers. Above about 70 °C. in particular, the conductivity exhibits a drastic increase with temperature. However, two inflection points are observed at about 90 °C and 110... 

Temperature Dependence of Electric Conductivity of Plasma-Polymerized Films. 

Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity exponentially depends on temperature that can often be described by the Arrhenius law (Ku and Tiepins 1987) ... 

Fig, 3. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity [—--—along the conduction paths,... 

FIGURE 3-12 Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity in heat-treated Si-C-O fibers. Source Narisawa et al., 1995. 

In the author s experience, however, conductivity measurements are of limited use in crystallization work because of the unreliability of measurement in near-saturated or supersaturated solutions. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity usually demands a very high precision of temperature control. Torgesen and Horton (1963) successfully operated conductance cells for the control of ADP crystallization, but they had to control the temperature to 0.002 °C. 

There are various methods of the glass transition temperature evaluation based on temperature dependence of polymer physical properties in the interval of glass transition 1) specific volume of polymer at slow cooling (dilatometric method) 2) heat capacity (calorimetric method),3) refraction index (refractometric method) 4) mechanical properties 5) electrical properties (temperature dependence of electric conductivity) or maximum of dielectric loss 6) NMR ° 7) electronic paramagnetic resonance, etc. 

Fig. 1. Temperature dependences of electrical conductivity (c) and thermoelectric power (a) of monosilicides of chromium (1), manganese (2), iron (3), and cobalt (4).

Fig. 2.57 The temperature dependence of electric conductivity for YSZ nanocrystalline thin films and its bulk microcrystalline samples [89]...

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