Technology selection

The selection of an appropriate technology is best based on the requirements of a project or area of investigation. Technologies that are appropriate for gene discovery are not universally applicable to population studies or patient group stratification. 

The technologies that purport to identify sequence variants generally fall into two categories  

The mobility of DNA, either single or double stranded, through a gel matrix is determined by a number of factors. By comparing the mobility of a test DNA sample to that of a normal control sample it is possible to determine the presence of a sequence alteration in the test sample. The major factors that affect DNA mobility are listed below  

A variety of techniques are used to take advantage of these factors in order to discover previously unknown mutations and polymorphisms. Two excellent reviews of these technologies have been published by Cotton (2) and Schafer and Hawkins (3). The following list outlines several of these techniques and a selection of their related methods. 

This technique uses a combination of SSCP and Sanger sequencing to create a larger set of bands for analysis in a native acrylamide gel (7). In this method 

Consideration should be given to the following parameters when selecting an appropriate tail gas treatment technology. 

Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) can be developed using Electrical, Electronic, or Programmable Electronic (E/E/PE) technologies. A hybrid scheme combining technologies (e.g., PE, Electrical, etc.) may be used to develop an SIS. 

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 

There are other technologies that can be used other than E/E/PE in the design of an SIS, such as pneumatics, hydraulics, etc. These technologies are outside the scope of ANSI/ISA-84.00.01-2004-1. 

Direct-wired systems have the discrete sensor directly connected to the final element. This technology often provides minimal diagnostic coverage, so the testing interval may have to be decreased. 

Electromechanical devices include relays and timers. Relays are often used where simple logic functions are used to provide the necessary safety logic. Extensive operating experience with relays and their mature technology make acceptance of this device in an SIS widespread. Relays have very predictable failure modes, and their failure rates are well known. 

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Electroanalytical chemistry is one of the areas where advantage of the unique properties of SAMs is clear, and where excellent advanced analytical strategies can be utilized, especially when coupled with more complex SAM architectures. There are a number of examples where redox reactions are used to detect biomaterials (357,358), and where guest—host chemistry has been used to exploit specific interactions (356,359). Ion-selective electrodes are an apphcation where SAMs may provide new technologies. Selectivity to divalent cations such as Cu " but not to trivalent ions such as Fe " has been demonstrated (360). 

The Software Dtrecto, pubhshed by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers as a supplement to the journal Chemtca/EngmeenngProgress, shows the scope of computer utilisation in chemical technology. Selection and evaluation of available software packages have been discussed (4). The topics covered in the second annual directory (Oct. 1990) include ... 

A list of the mines where different processing of gold ores is carried out is shown in Table 5.12. Although the pressure oxidation process appears to be the current leading technology, selection of the optimum route depends on several factors. 

Unlike the SMDS process, the refining technology selection did not specifically cater to the properties of LTFT syncrude.10... 

De Klerk, A. 2008. Fischer-Tropsch refining Technology selection to match molecules. Green Chem. 10 1249-1279. 

De Klerk, A., and De Vaal, P. L. 2008. Alkylate technology selection for Fischer-Tropsch syncrude refining. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47 6870-77. 

Demonstration I (demonstration testing of the initial three technologies selected for the first phase of ACWA technology testing)... 

Based on use patterns and slte-of-use, specific data are required by the Section 158 regulations for each product registered. Depending on the disposal technology selected, the Information needed to support the label disposal statement may well be additional to that required by Section 158. The following discussion covers a few of the many disposal systems that might be candidates for label statements and some of the kinds of data that mlgjit be required. 

Data mining Piocess cliarauleii aiiori Technology selection DOE... 

U.S. EPA (1993c). Technology Selection Guide for Wood Treater Sites. EPA/540/F-93/020. 

Umatilla, Oregon. Although details differ at the five sites, the basic technology is the same (the baseline incineration system). At two other sites—Aberdeen, Maryland, and Newport, Indiana—alternative technologies to incineration are being implemented. Facilities for the final two sites— Pueblo, Colorado, and Blue Grass, Kentucky—are in the technology selection process. 

The Stockpile Committee is preparing a report for release in 2001 on the ongoing closure activities for JACADS. This report could provide useful guidance to the Army for making timely closure decisions regardless of the technology selected for implementation at Pueblo. 

For facilities treating groundwater, the predominant technology chosen has been pump and treat. The innovative technologies selected include in situ bioremediation, ex situ bioremediation, thermal desorption, and chemical treatment. The facilities requiring soil treatment are selected based on established technologies, such as off-site disposal and incineration. The innovative technology most often selected has been SVE. 

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