Electromechanical devices

Servo Gauge. Servo gauges are high accuracy, electromechanical devices that are used on inventory control appHcations where accountabiUty is mandated for custody transfer of Hquids. The large, million barrel, bulk terminal vessels are where these devices originally found a niche. 

Electronic Film Output. Imagesetters are precision electromechanical devices that image monochromatic color separations onto photographic film or paper. Each separation is used to expose a printing plate for a single ink color (4). 

Nistorica, C. Liu, J.-F. Gory, I. Skidmore, G. D. Mantiziba, F. M. Gnade, B. E. Kim, J. 2005. Tribological and wear studies of coatings fabricated by atomic layer deposition and by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction for micro-electromechanical devices. J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. A. 23 836-840. 

Any electromechanical device that utilizes an automated feedback servomotor to regulate the addition of titrant (a standardized solution of acid or base within a syringe) into a reaction vessel or sample to maintain pH. The rate at which the syringe expels its contents allows one to determine the rate of a chemical reaction producing or consuming protons. There are many such enzyme-catalyzed reactions whose kinetics can be examined with a pH Stat. For maximal sensitivity, one must use weakly buffered solutions. In his classical kinetic investigation of DNA bond scission by DNase, Thomas measured the rate of base addition in a pH Stat. The number of bonds cleaved was linear with time, and this was indicative of random scission. 

Etzel Munford (Ref 4) describe an electromechanical device that automatically measures and displays rhe embedment of each welded joint and locks out the welding machine if the embedment value is not within present upper and lower limits... 

Geophone. An extremely sensitive electromechanical device used as recording instrument iri seismic prospecting. See in this Vol, under "Exploration for Natural Gas and Oil by Seismic Method , p E358-L to E359-L... 

Uses. Hard ferrites are used widely in electromechanical devices, e.g., generators, relays, motors, and magnetos electronic applications, e.g., loudspeakers, traveling-wave lubes, and telephone ringers and receivers aniitheft tags, holding devices such as door closers, seals, and latches ... 

A typical electromechanical device for velocity modulation consists of two coils (30,32, 86-88) a drive coil across which a voltage related to the... 

The potential that the logic within the interlock could contain a defect or bug is a strong incentive to keep it simple. Within process plants, most interlocks are implemented with discrete logic, which means either hardwired electromechanical devices or programmable logic controllers. 

Staples M, Daniel K, Cima MJ, Langer R (2006) Application of micro- and nano-electromechanical devices to drug delivery. Pharmaceut Res 23 847-863... 

Piezoelectric filter A kind of electromechanical device in which electrical signals are converted to a mechanical wave by using a piezoelectric crystal. Thus, the former electric wave is delayed as it propagates across the crystal, and this delay is used to reinforce a desired frequency bandwidth with very high Q values. The quartz crystal is an example of the piezoelectric elements used for these filters [i],... 

The weighing and proportioning of liquids and solids has also benefited from this technical revolution. Sensing devices and special-purpose computers give a level of precision and speed not possible in the era of electromechanical devices. The net result is that packaging and material handling systems now have the sophistication of chemical processes. 

Automated diffractometer A computer-controlled instrument that automatically meMures and records the intensities of Bragg reflections. The required mutual orientations of the crystal and the detector with respect to the X-ray source are computed from initial data on 20-30 selected Bragg reflections. These orientations are then achieved by computer-directed commands to electromechanical devices that position the crystal orienter and X-ray detector at the desired angular settings. 

A printer is a device that converts signals from the computer into paper documents. Most printers are electromechanical devices that put either ink or toner on the paper to form the images. There are three main types of printers dotmatrix, ink-jet, and laser. 

Depending on the number of containers to be used at once, some freezer-dryers use a multiport turret (a manifold) or a tray module. The former is suitable for containers of varying shape or size that need not be processed simultaneously the latter is to be preferred when a large amount of product or number of containers is to be processed in a simultaneous manner. The tray module can be equipped with an electromechanical device to close the containers after the products are freeze-dried in order to avoid external contamination. One example of this type of freeze-dryer is the model from FTS Systems. 

POCT devices for monitoring anticoagulant therapy have also been developed for use in clinics or by the patient at These devices have been made possible by advances in optical detection techniques and the ability to miniaturize electromechanical devices. For example, early systems used magnets to detect the decrease in sample flow... 

Weigh cells or load cells are typically used to measure the mass of the contents of a vessel. These are electromechanical devices which convert force or weight into an electrical signal. The technique is to construct a wheatstone bridge similar to that used in the RTD circu it with one resistor being a rheostat which changes resistance based on load. 

The FP transmitter is an electromechanical device that converts the 4-20 mA signal from the controller to a 3-15 psig instrument air pressure to the valve acmator, which, in turn, affects the valve stem position. 

The main types of SiOj used in indu.siry are high-purity a-quanz, vimeous silica, silica gel. fumed silica and diaiomaceous eanh. The most important application of quartz is as a piezoelectric material (p. 58) it is used in crystal oscillators and filters for frequency control and modulation, and in electromechanical devices such as transducers and pickups tens of millions of such devices are made each year. There is insufficient natural quartz of adequate purity so it must be synthesized by hydrothermal growth of a s crystal using dilute aqueous NaOH and vitreous SiOy at 4(I0°C and... 

Microfiuidics are great tools for security and anti-terrorism with many applications. New and better diagnostic technology must be developed in order to be prepared for an act of bio-terrorism. The subject will be treated through lectures by experts on biosensors, microsystems, bio micro-electromechanical devices, and nanofluidics. To establish the objectives of this Institute, important lectures by prominent expert on the field are presented and are included in this volume of the Institute. 

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