Selecting the Process and Technology

Visit a satisfactorily running unit based on similar process and technology before accepting a plant based on the process and technology being offered for selection. 

Before selecting a process analytical technology to implement, it is helpful to understand the capabilities and limitations of the technology. Good introductions to NIR spectroscopy and instrumentation can be found in Chapter 5, and to chemometric methods in Chapter 12. NIR pharmaceutical applications are covered in Chapters 13 and 14. Additional information on NIR techniques and applications can be found in Williams, ... 

C, 10-50 atm). Xylene benzene ratios of 1-10 may be obtained. Metal catalysts were later replaced by zeolites.210,211,326-328 The most recent development is the Mobil selective toluene disproportionation process,329 which takes advantage of the high para shape selectivity of a zeolite catalyst.210 The catalyst activated by a novel procedure ensures a p-xylene content of up to 95%. After the successful com-mercialization at an Enichem refinery in Italy, the process is now licensed. The catalysts and technologies applied in toluene disproportionation may be also used for transalkylation324,325,331 [Eq. (5.74)] ... 

Factually, pipeline construction requires accurate information with regard to the natural-techtogenic binary system, comprising the natural environment and the pipeline, for the design and construction. This also includes geotechnical data, as well as process optimisation for the selection of technical and technological parameters that become vital for the normal and safe operation of the pipeline. 

The performance-based approach relies on data needs as criteria for selecting the most appropriate technologically advanced and cost-effective methods of analysis. In a sense, this approach is an extension of the DQO process onto the laboratory. In order to arrive to a decision that a PBMS is needed instead of an existing prescriptive method, we will have to address the following issues ... 

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