Refining technology

The UCB collection and refining technology (owned by BP Chemicals (122,153—155)) also depends on partial condensation of maleic anhydride and scmbbing with water to recover the maleic anhydride present in the reaction off-gas. The UCB process departs significantly from the Scientific Design process when the maleic acid is dehydrated to maleic anhydride. In the UCB process the water in the maleic acid solution is evaporated to concentrate the acid solution. The concentrated acid solution and condensed cmde maleic anhydride is converted to maleic anhydride by a thermal process in a specially designed reactor. The resulting cmde maleic anhydride is then purified by distillation. 

Table 5. Refining Technologies for Producing Reformulated Gasoline Constituents...

J. G. Gary and G. E. Handwerk, Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1984. 

Andrew Sloley s Distillation and Petroleum Refining Technology Industrial distillation and refining technology resources as well as links to related sites. hlW //(S)slole. home.mndsprins. com. 

Silicon shows a rich variety of chemical properties and it lies at the heart of much modern technology/ Indeed, it ranges from such bulk commodities as concrete, clays and ceramics, through more chemically modified systems such as soluble silicates, glasses and glazes to the recent industries based on silicone polymers and solid-state electronics devices. The refined technology of ultrapure silicon itself is perhaps the most elegant example of the close relation between chemistry and solid-state physics and has led to numerous developments such as the transistor, printed circuits and microelectronics (p. 332). 

Accordingly, technological change m refining technology has centered on alterations and improve-... 

Gary, J. H. and Handwerk, G. E., Petroleum Refining, Technology and Economics, Second Edition, Marcell Dekker, Inc., 1984, p. 45. 

Nevertheless, tantalum and niobium refining technology was, and remains, a part of fluorine chemistry, since its main processes are related to the chemistry of tantalum and niobium fluorides in solid, dissolved and molten states. 

A.I. Agulyansky, B.M. Freidin, Investigations on physicochemical principals of refining technology of mineral raw material, Nauka, Leningrad, (1983) 19 (in Russian). 

Modem refining technology uses tantalum and niobium fluoride compounds, and includes fluorination of raw material, separation and purification of tantalum and niobium by liquid-liquid extraction from such fluoride solutions. Preparation of additional products and by-products is also related to the treatment of fluoride solutions oxide production is based on the hydrolysis of tantalum and niobium fluorides into hydroxides production of potassium fluorotantalate (K - salt) requires the precipitation of fine crystals and finishing avoiding hydrolysis. Tantalum metal production is related to the chemistry of fluoride melts and is performed by sodium reduction of fluoride melts. Thus, the refining technology of tantalum and niobium involves work with tantalum and niobium fluoride compounds in solid, dissolved and molten states. 

Dr. Collins Is the RMProcess basically an extension of existing refining technology with concurrent methanation, or the extension of methanation technology with concurrent reforming from the standpoint of catalyst performance requirements ... 

Commercial proprietary non-zeolite catalysts are obtained by process licensees from ART (Advanced Refining Technologies LP, alliance formed by Chevron... 

Marion, P., Axens Clean Fuels Technologies, in 4th International Conference on Petroleum Refining Technology Economics in Russia, the CIS and Baltics. 2002, 21-23 October. Axens-IFP. 

Mukai, Y., and Mizutani, Y., Survey of Petroleum Refining Technology for High-quality (Ultra-low Sulfur Content) Diesel Fuel. Petroleum Energy Center. 01 Survey 4-3, 2001. 

Strategic Options-Refining Technology, B.P. International Ltd., Sudbury on Thames, UK. 

Clausen, G., Chan, T., Nongbri, G., and Kaufman, H., Texaco Processes for a Bottomless Hydrogen Refinery, paper presented at the Japan Petroleum Institute Conference on Refining Technologies, Tokyo (1992)... 

Olefin oligomerization is a key refining technology, and in the Mossgas refinery the COD process is used not only to convert normally gaseous olefins to liquid products, but also to refine oxygenates to fuel. 

Unlike the SMDS process, the refining technology selection did not specifically cater to the properties of LTFT syncrude.10... 

Olefin oligomerization is a key Fischer-Tropsch refining technology. 

De Klerk, A. 2008. Fischer-Tropsch refining Technology selection to match molecules. Green Chem. 10 1249-1279. 

Advances in established refining technologies have enhanced options for economically processing and using residues. 

Yamagishi, T. (1999) Refining technology of brine, removal technology of sulfate by ion-exchange resin. In Soda Chlorine, Vol. 50, pp. 233-236. Japan Soda Industry Association. 

S. Gnanzirofi, R. Giardino, A. Farina, V. Lough, and J.C. Edwards, Process MRA - Inbe plant application, presented at the Enropean Refining Technology Compnting Conference, Milan, Italy, 2003. 

Reviewed by Dr. Subramani Velu BP Products North America, Inc.Refining Technology Naperville, IL, USA velu.subramani bp.com. 

Since there is still a problem with quartz capacity" (i.e. the maximum possible coating thickness of the quartz at which it still oscillates reliably) despite refined technology, a number of approaches have been developed to expand this capacity ... 

Other concepts, particularly those focusing on intracellular signaling, are evolving and have only recently become accessible for research by refined technology. 

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