Design chemical reactors

Rase, H. F., Chemical Reactor Design for Process Plants, vol. 1, Wiley, New York, 1977. 

H. Kramers and K. R. Westerterp, Elements of Chemical Reactor Design and Operation, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1963, p. 228. 

Rase, Chemical Reactor Design for Frocess Flants Ftinciples and Case Studies, Wiley, 1977. 

Rose, Chemical Reactor Design in Fractice, Elsevier, 1981. 

Westerterp, van Swaaij, and Beenackers, Chemical Reactor Design and Operation, Wiley, 1984. 

Westerterp, van Swaaij, and Beenackers (Chemical Reactor Design and Operation, Wiley, 1984, pp. 674—746) also supply many references to other problems in the literature ... 

A number of factors limit the accuracy with which parameters for the design of commercial equipment can be determined. The parameters may depend on transport properties for heat and mass transfer that have been determined under nonreacting conditions. Inevitably, subtle differences exist between large and small scale. Experimental uncertainty is also a factor, so that under good conditions with modern equipment kinetic parameters can never be determined more precisely than 5 to 10 percent (Hofmann, in de Lasa, Chemical Reactor Design and Technology, Martinus Nijhoff, 1986, p. 72). 

Many configurations of laboratory reactors have been employed. Rase (Chemical Reactor Design for Proce.s.s Plants, Wiley, 1977) and Shah (Ga.s-Liquid-Solid Reactor Design, McGraw-Hill, 1979) each have about 25 sketches, and Shah s bibliography has 145 items classified into 22 categories of reactor types. Jankowski et al. (Chemlsche Tech-nik, 30, 441 46 [1978]) illustrate 25 different lands of gradientless laboratory reactors for use with solid catalysts. 

K. R. Westerterp, W. P. M. van Swaaij, and A. A. C. M. Beenackers, Chemical Reactor Design and Oper ation, John Wiley Sons, 1984. 

Rase Case Studies and Design Data, vol. 2 of Chemical Reactor Design for Process Plants, Wiley 1977) has these items ... 

Two complementai y reviews of this subject are by Shah et al. AIChE Journal, 28, 353-379 [1982]) and Deckwer (in de Lasa, ed.. Chemical Reactor Design andTechnology, Martinus Nijhoff, 1985, pp. 411-461). Useful comments are made by Doraiswamy and Sharma (Heterogeneous Reactions, Wiley, 1984). Charpentier (in Gianetto and Silveston, eds.. Multiphase Chemical Reactors, Hemisphere, 1986, pp. 104—151) emphasizes parameters of trickle bed and stirred tank reactors. Recommendations based on the literature are made for several design parameters namely, bubble diameter and velocity of rise, gas holdup, interfacial area, mass-transfer coefficients k a and /cl but not /cg, axial liquid-phase dispersion coefficient, and heat-transfer coefficient to the wall. The effect of vessel diameter on these parameters is insignificant when D > 0.15 m (0.49 ft), except for the dispersion coefficient. Application of these correlations is to (1) chlorination of toluene in the presence of FeCl,3 catalyst, (2) absorption of SO9 in aqueous potassium carbonate with arsenite catalyst, and (3) reaction of butene with sulfuric acid to butanol. 

The two main principles involved in establishing conditions for performing a reaction are chemical kinetics and thermodynamics. Chemical kinetics is the study of rate and mechanism by which one chemical species is converted to another. The rate is the mass in moles of a product produced or reactant consumed per unit time. The mechanism is the sequence of individual chemical reaction whose overall result yields the observed reaction. Thermodynamics is a fundamental of engineering having many applications to chemical reactor design. 

Figure 9-5. Schematic representation of mixing space. (Source Nauman, E. G., Chemical Reactor Design, John Wiley Sons, 1987.)...

This valuable reference volume conveys a basic understanding of chemical reactor design methodologies that incorporate both scale-up and hazard analysis. It shows readers how to select the best reactor for any particular chemical reaction, how to estimate its size, and how to obtain the best operating conditions. 

Westerterp, K.R., van Swaaij, W.P.M. and Beenackers, A.A.C.M., 1995. Chemical Reactor Design and Operation. New York John Wiley Sons. 

---