Tablet lozenges

Pastille, /, pastille, pastil, tablet, lozenge button, bead. 

Amphetamines are a class of chiral molecules, synthesized from the precursor phe-nylethylamine (Fig. 3). Several formulations are usually found on the black market such as tablets, lozenges, drops, injections, powder, whose colors vary from white to pink to brown, depending on the impurities and adulterants. 

GRAS listed. Accepted as a food additive in Europe (the E number E501 refers to potassium carbonates). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK and USA (chewable tablets effervescent granules effervescent tablets lozenges oral granules oral suspensions). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 

The odds ratio (OR) for abstinence with NRT compared to control was 1.74 (95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.64 to 1.86). The ORs for the different forms of NRT were 1.66 for gum, 1.74 for patches, 2.27 for nasal spray, 2.08 for inhaled nicotine, and 2.08 for nicotine sublingual tablet/lozenge. These odds were not a function of the duration of therapy, the intensity of additional support provided, or the setting in which the NRT was provided. The 4-mg gum provided a significant benefit over 2-mg gum (OR 2.67 95% Cl 1.69 to 4.22) in highly dependent smokers. Higher doses of nicotine patch may produce additional small increases in quit rates compared to lower doses. Only one study directly compared NRT to another pharmacotherapy, in which bupropion was significantly more effective than nicotine patch or placebo. ... 

The authors of this review concluded that all of the commercially available forms of NRT (nicotine gum, transdermal patch, the nicotine nasal spray, nicotine inhaler, and nicotine sublingual tablets/lozenges) are effective as part of a strategy to promote smoking cessation. They increase quit rates approximately 1.5- to twofold regardless of setting. ... 

Lozenges and pastilles are solid, single-dose preparations intended to be sucked to obtain a local effect in the oral cavity and the throat. They contain one or more active substances, usually in a flavoured and sweetened base. They are intended to dissolve or disintegrate slowly in the mouth when sucked. They have to comply with most of the requirements for tablets. Lozenges are hard preparatirais, pastilles are soft. 

Tablets, lozenges, and dried herbs are also available. Some herbal products can also be found in creams or ointments.

Tablette,/. tablet, pellet, lozenge slab billet small table.

Transmucosal (Actiq Lozenge) 200 meg may repeat x l, 30 minutes after first dose is started, then titrate Transmucosal (Fentora Buccal Tablet) 100 meg, may repeat x l, 30 minutes after first dose is started, then titrate... 

Currently approved NRT products include the transdermal nicotine patch and several acute NRT products, including nicotine gum, lozenge, sublingual tablet, vapor inhaler, and nasal spray. The single-dose nicotine plasma curves for transdermal patch, gum, nasal spray, lozenge, as well oral snuff and a cigarette, are illustrated in Fig. 1 (note for the sake of simphcity, the curve for sublingual tablet is not illustrated, but because of the route of nicotine delivery, the plasma curve is qualitatively similar to nicotine gum). 

A small sublingual nicotine tablet has been developed and is currently being marketed in many European countries, but is not yet available in the USA. The product is designed to be held under the tongue, where the nicotine is absorbed sublingually over about 30 min. The product that is currently available contains 2 mg nicotine, of which 1 mg is absorbed via the buccal mucosa. Compared to the gum and lozenge, the sublingual tablet demands even less activity from the user. The levels of nicotine obtained by use of the 2-mg tablet and 2-mg nicotine gum are similar (Molander and Lunell 2001). 

As shown in Fig. 1, the speed of nicotine uptake in venous blood following several forms of nicotine delivery varies widely, from that of the very slow pattern of nicotine appearance in the blood (several hours to peak level) produced by current transdermal nicotine medications to the explosive rise produced by tobacco smoke inhalation. Nicotine gum, lozenge, tablet, and vapor inhaler can provide more rapid delivery of nicotine than the patch, but the speed and amount obtained are constrained by use patterns. Smokeless tobacco products deliver their nicotine more rapidly than nicotine gum and with less physical effort, but are still slower than cigarettes in their nicotine dehvery. 

Dietary fluoride supplements, available in the form of tablets, drops, lozenges and rinse supplements, are recommended for caries prevention by medical societies in some countries, especially if the fluoride concentration from drinking water is low. These supplements contain different quantities of fluoride, usually 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg of fluoride per unit, in the form of NaF [60]. Fluoride supplements are rarely prescribed for adults. 

Solids. Include tablets, capsules, powders, granules, lozenges, pastilles, suppositories, pessaries, pills, dressings, and dermal patches. May also include such devices as actuators. 

Lozenges can be used as an alternative dosage form to tablets and capsules when patients are unable to swallow. The use of lozenges has been reported for systemic drug delivery but it is more usual to see this dosage form used to bathe the oral cavity or the throat areas. 

Nystatin Mycostatin Nilstat others Mycostatin Nilstat Nystex Generic Lozenges oral suspension tablets Cream ointment powder Vaginal cream vaginal tablets Oropharyngeal candidiasis Cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis Vulvovaginal candidiasis... 

Dextromethorphan is administered by the oral route only in the forms of symp, lozenges, extended-release oral suspension, chewable tablets, and capsules. 

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