Cream/ointment

Compressed gas systems were originally developed simply to provide a means of expelling a product from its container when the valve was depressed. SemisoHd products such as a cream, ointment, or caulking compound are dispensed as such. A Hquid concentrate and a compressed gas propellant (Fig. 3) produce a spray when a mechanical breakup actuator is used. Nitrogen, insoluble in most materials, is generally used as the propellant. 

Topicals— These are semisolid preparations such as creams, ointments, or gels intended to be applied to the skin or certain mucous membranes... 

Clobetasol propionate Cream, ointment, 0.05 Very high I... 

Clobetasol butyrate solution, foam Cream, ointment 0.05 Medium ... 

Many topical preparations containing arnica are commercially available. Arnica is most commonly prepared as a tincture that can also be used as the base for creams, ointments, compresses, and poultices. Arnica oil may also be used in topical preparations. 

Halobetasol propionate Cream, ointment 0,05 Veiy high 1... 

Calcipotriene (Dovonex) is a synthetic vitamin D analog used for mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. Improvement is usually seen within 2 weeks of treatment, and approximately 70% of patients demonstrate marked improvement after 8 weeks. Adverse effects occur in about 10% of patients and include lesional and perilesional burning and stinging. Calcipotriene 0.005% cream, ointment, or solution is applied one or two times a day (no more than 100 g/wk). 

It was soon found that tyrothricin causes severe hemolysis when administered parenterally and was destroyed when given orally. The antibiotic complex or individual components are effective topically and are used in various cream, ointment, lotion and solution preparations alone or in combination with other antibiotics or topical steroids3. 

Petrolatum is produced from lubricating oils. Petrolatum is used in the medicinal field where it is combined with other compounds to form salves, creams, ointments and petroleum jelly. 

Topical creams, ointments, lotions, solutions, and gels Appearance, color, homogeneity, odor, pH, resuspendibility (lotions), consistency, particle-size distribution, strength, and weight loss... 

Ointments and Creams Ointments are applied to the skin for topical treatment or to be absorbed into the blood system for delivery to target areas. They are semisofid preparations obtained by mixing the API with selected ointment bases depending on intended use. These bases include petrolatum, paraffin, mineral oil, lanolin, and glycols. Preservatives are often added to ensure the ointments will maintain the recommended shelf life. 

Several dosage forms carry an increased risk of degradation or adjunct formation. Products such as injections and aerosols are more likely to interact with volatiles or extractables from packaging and closure systems. Tablets have the potential to form adjuncts with excipients (specifically, lactose has been shown to form adjuncts in tablets). Non-CFC propellants in aerosols have a large number of impurities that typically do not interact with drug substances, but the potential for these interactions does still exist. Creams, ointments, lotions, and other such products will each have specific interactions that should be considered while evaluating the impurity profile of a drug product. 

Arnica has been used for medicinal purposes. It can be applied topically as a cream, ointment, liniment, salve or tincture, to soothe muscle aches, reduce inflammation and heal wounds. It is often used for injuries such as sprains and bruises. Arnica is primarily restricted to topical (external) use because it can... 

Vaginal Local or systemic effects (hormones) No first-pass metabolism Inconvenient Erratic absorption Irritation Creams, ointments, foams, tablets, pessaries... 

Diflorasone diacetate Cream, Ointment (emollient base) 0.05%... 

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