Inhalers, nicotine

Hjalmarson A, Nilsson F, Sjostrom L, et al The nicotine inhaler in smoking cessation. 

First-line pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation are bupropion sustained release, nicotine gum, nicotine inhaler, nicotine nasal spray, and... 

Stomatitis NSAIDs, cytostatic treatment, corticosteroids, nicotine inhalation... 

Schneider NG, Olmstead RE, Franzon MA, Lunell E (2001) The nicotine inhaler clinical pharmacokinetics and comparison with other nicotine treatments, Chn Pharmacokinet 40(9) 661-684 Schoedel KA, Sellers EM, Palmour R, Tyndale RF (2003) Down-regulation of hepatic nicotine metabolism and a CYP2A6-like enzyme in African green monkeys after long-term nicotine administration. Mol Pharmacol 63(1) 96-104... 

Elderly Nicotine inhaler therapy appeared to be as effective in elderly patients 60 years of age or older as in younger smokers. 

The nicotine inhaler is likely to have a low abuse potential based on slower absorption, smaller fluctuations, and lower blood levels of nicotine when compared with cigarettes. Nicotine nasal spray has a dependence potential intermediate... 

Nicotine inhaler First-line 24-64 mg per day (total daily dose) 5-6 months (taper down overtime) Heart rate and blood pressure should be monitored periodically dunng nicotine replacement therapy. At... 

Increased airways resistance occurs due to the nonspecific effects of submicronic particles, e.g. carbon particles less than 1 pm across. The effect is reflex even inert particles of this size cause bronchial narrowing sufficient to double airways resistance this is insufficient to cause dyspnoea, though it might affect athletic performance. Pure nicotine inhalations of concentration comparable to that reached in smoking do not increase airways resistance. 

To the extent that craving is due to physical withdrawal, a person would have a better chance of quitting for good if nicotine could somehow be used in the treatment of smoking. Based on this possibility, there has been major growth in the use of what are called nicotine replacement therapies. These treatments involve administering nicotine to smokers as part of the effort to help them stop smoking. The vehicles of nicotine replacement that have been discussed are nicorine gum, the nicotine patch, nicotine nasal spray, and a nicotine inhaler. The nicotine replacement therapies that... 

Nicotine bioavailability also varies with the delivery system. The reported bioavailability from the nasal spray and transdermal patch is 53% and 82%, respectively (93,184). In nicotine polacrilex gum, nicotine is bound to an ion exchange resin and is released only by chewing. Nicotine bioavailability, therefore, is dependent on the vigor, rapidity, and duration of chewing. Of the 10 mg in each cartridge of a nicotine inhaler, only 4 mg is actually delivered from the device to the oral mucosa and is available for absorption. 

Newer NRTs (nicotine inhaler and nasal spray) will be switched to OTC market. 

Nicotine inhaler 6-16 cartridges daily Up to 6 months Sore mouth and throat... 

The authors of this review concluded that all of the commercially available forms of NRT (nicotine gum, transdermal patch, the nicotine nasal spray, nicotine inhaler, and nicotine sublingual tablets/lozenges) are effective as part of a strategy to promote smoking cessation. They increase quit rates approximately 1.5- to twofold regardless of setting. ... 

The percentage of smokers who were abstinent after 12 months (excluding trials with shorter follow-up data not shown) was 18% (95% Cl 17% to 19%) among smokers who had been allocated to receive nicotine gum, and 14% (95% Cl 13% to 15%) among those who had used transdermal patches. For intranasal spray, nicotine inhaler, and sublingual tablet, the corresponding figures were 24% (95% Cl 20% to 28%), 17% (95% Cl 14% to 21%), and 20% (95% Cl 15% to 25%), respectively. 

The AHRQ guidelines recommend use of NRT in the forms of transdermal nicotine patches, nicotine gum, nicotine sprays, and nicotine inhalers. The use of NRT is relatively safe, but it is not recommended for all smokers. Although cardiovascular disease is not an independent risk factor for acute myocardial events, NRT should... 

Ralph ran a search program through his neural nanonics memory cells. The general encyclopedia section produced a file headed Nicotine Inhalation. 

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