Tablet active ingredient

Record the name of the antacid you are testing. Describe the bottle include price, net weight, number of tablets, active ingredients, and other information from the label. 

Water is nowadays the most commonly used solvent. Sometimes, if water cannot be used, as with effervescent tablets, active ingredients that are prone to hydrolysis etc., ethanol or 2-propanol are used as solvents, though fluidized bed granulation technology is preferred. 

Figure 8.13 Denture cleaning tablets. Active ingredients include the salts sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium perborate and citric acid... 

Many pharmaceutical compounds contain chromophores that make them suitable for analysis by UV/Vis absorption. Products that have been analyzed in this fashion include antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, and analgesics. One example of the use of UV absorption is in determining the purity of aspirin tablets, for which the active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid. Salicylic acid, which is produced by the hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid, is an undesirable impurity in aspirin tablets, and should not be present at more than 0.01% w/w. Samples can be screened for unacceptable levels of salicylic acid by monitoring the absorbance at a wavelength of... 

Yarnelle, M. K. West, K. J. Modification of an Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of the Active Ingredients in APC Tablets, /. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 601-602. 

Compressed Tablets. This popular type of dosage form offers convenience, stabiUty, accuracy and precision, and good bioavadabihty of active ingredients. After the best formulation has been estabflshed, compressed tablets can be manufactured at high rates of speed on advanced equipment. Tablets can be made to achieve rapid dmg release or to produce delayed, repeat, or prolonged therapeutic action (Controlled release technology, pharmaceutical). ... 

Erodings of Slow-Releasing Core Tablets. The sustained-dose portion of a dmg is granulated with hydrophobic materials such as waxes, fatty acids, or fatty alcohols and compressed into a core. The initial dose is added to the core by a modified sugar coating process or by compression coating. Thus, a tablet within a tablet is created. The core erodes slowly to release the active ingredient. 

Acutrim 16 Hour Steady Control Tablets. Acuttim is an appetite suppressant diet aid available without a prescription and marketed by CIBA Consumer Pharmaceuticals. The active ingredient is phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride [154-41 -6] a sympathomimetic amine (see Antiobesity drugs). Acutrim dehvers its dosage at a precisely controlled rate for up to 16 hours. This is achieved through the OROS technology. 

In the old pharmaceutical system of measurements, masses were expressed in grains. There are 5.760 X 103 grains in 1 lb. An old bottle of aspirin lists 5 grains of active ingredient per tablet How many milligrams of active ingredient are there in the same tablet ... 

Typical examples that fall in this group would be the determination of the active ingredients in analgesic tablets for pharmaceutical use, such as aspirin or codeine or the analysis of a food product such as margarine. Examples of both these analyses will be described to illustrate the sample preparation procedure. 

To remove the excipient, the tablet was ground to a powder and a weighed portion treated with a known volume of a mixture of 5% glacial acetic acid in methanol. The slurry was well stirred to ensure all the active ingredients were dissolved and the mixture was filtered. 

The different salts, esters, ethers, isomers, mixtures of isomers, complexes or derivatives of an active substance shall be considered to be the same active substance, unless they differ significantly in properties with regard to safety and/or efficacy, in which case additional safety and efficacy data are required. The same qualitative and quantitative composition only applies to the active ingredients. Differences in excipients will be accepted unless there is concern that they may substantially alter the safety or efficacy. The same pharmaceutical form must take into account both the form in which it is presented and the form in which it is administered. Various immediate-release oral forms, which would include tablets, capsules, oral solutions and suspensions, shall be considered the same pharmaceutical form for this purpose. 

White, Effect of certain tablet formulation factors on 38. dissolution rate of the active ingredients. II. Granule... 

Selection of the most suitable chemical form of the active principle for a tablet, while not strictly within our terms of reference here, must be considered. For example, some chloramphenicol esters produce little clinical response [13], There is also a significant difference in the bioavailability of anhydrous and hydrated forms of ampicillin [14], Furthermore, different polymorphic forms, and even crystal habits, may have a pronounced influence on the bioavailability of some drugs due to the different dissolution rates they exhibit. Such changes can also give rise to manufacturing problems. Polymorphism is, of course, not restricted to active ingredients, as shown, for example, in an evaluation of the tableting characteristics of five forms or sorbitol [15]. 

It is possible to distinguish two types of DC formulations (a) those where a major proportion is an active ingredient, and (b) those where the active ingredient is a minor component (i.e., <10% of the compression weight). In the former case, the inherent characteristics of the drug molecule, in particular the ability to prepare a physical form that will tablet directly, will have profound effects on the tablet s characteristics. 

A coating may be applied to a tablet to modify the release pattern of the active ingredient from it. There... 

The dose of the drug and its solubility are important considerations in the design of the formulation. The amount and type of active ingredient influences capsule size and the nature and amount of excipients to be used in the formulation. Larger-dose drugs that must be granulated to produce tablets may be more easily direct-filled into hard shell capsules with proper choice of excipients. 

This optimization method, which represents the mathematical techniques, is an extension of the classic method and was the first, to our knowledge, to be applied to a pharmaceutical formulation and processing problem. Fonner et al. [15] chose to apply this method to a tablet formulation and to consider two independent variables. The active ingredient, phenylpropanolamine HC1, was kept at a constant level, and the levels of disintegrant (corn starch) and lubricant (stearic acid) were selected as the independent variables, X and Xj. The dependent variables include tablet hardness, friability, volume, in vitro release rate, and urinary excretion rate in human subjects. 

Enteric-coated tablets or capsules of garlic are better absorbed since an active ingredient, allicin, is acid labile. The tablets or capsules bypass the stomach and release their contents in the alkaline medium of the small intestine [4],... 

Fourth, we are interested in information on the various presentations of each product. The presentations differ in pharmaceutical form (tablets, capsules, injectables, creams and so on), the concentration of the therapeutic active ingredient (usually specified in milligrams) and the number of tablets, vials, or units in general, provided in each package. The Spanish data enable us to identify the number of units per package for all the observations. The... 

Katori et al [84] used a high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of primaquine phosphate tablets. Chromatography on a TSK Gel-4 (octadecylsilanized) column was used to determine the active ingredient in tablets and injections for treating tropical diseases. The mobile phase used is 26% acetonitrile in 0.05-M pH-3 phosphate buffer and the drug was detected at 260 nm. The peak area and peak height reproducibilities were <1.69%, and results compared well with those of other methods. 

Near-infrared spectroscopy is quickly becoming a preferred technique for the quantitative identification of an active component within a formulated tablet. In addition, the same spectroscopic measurement can be used to determine water content since the combination band of water displays a fairly large absorption band in the near-IR. In one such study [41] the concentration of ceftazidime pentahydrate and water content in physical mixtures has been determined. Due to the ease of sample preparation, near-IR spectra were collected on 20 samples, and subsequent calibration curves were constructed for active ingredient and water content. An interesting aspect of this study was the determination that the calibration samples must be representative of the production process. When calibration curves were constructed from laboratory samples only, significant prediction errors were noted. When, however, calibration curves were constructed from laboratory and production samples, realistic prediction values were determined ( 5%). 

In healthcare, the incorrect medication or the incorrect content of active ingredient in a tablet can be catastrophic for the patient. 

If data are produced which are not fit for their intended purpose, there is both the financial penalty and the possible legal penalty to be considered. For instance, if a manufacturer of pharmaceuticals produces a pharmaceutical tablet containing the incorrect amount of active ingredient, the consequences could be disastrous, causing, in the worst circumstances, loss of life. 

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