Tables primary data

Performing an analysis requires the preparation of a standard curve, which is also called a calibration curve. A series of standard solutions (four to six typically) containing known amounts of the component of interest are prepared. There are two primary restrictions on these solutions (1) they should cover the range of the expected concentrations of the component of interest, and (2) all absorbance values obtained for the extracted component must fall in between the lowest and highest absorbance values obtained for the standards. If a result is beyond these limits, its concentration cannot be determined with a high degree of confidence. In the table of data for Figure 14.10, Unkl... 

Fig. 6.7 Visualization of HTS data using Spotfire decision site [48]. Shown are a table of data (top left), a bar chart (top right, number of compounds screened from each plate), 3-D scatterplot (bottom left, percent inhibition in the primary assay versus percent inhibition in the confirmation assay versus percent purity), and a plate map (bottom right, well versus Column arranged by plate number). In the 3-D scatterplot and the plate map, the points are colored by plate number and sized by percent inhibition in the primary assay.

Despite the numerous entries in Table 2, there are few entries that correspond to trustworthy species. More precisely, there are but two derived from contemporary, well-characterized measurements, where contemporary means the primary data were reported since the mid-20" century. These are for pyridine-2-carboxaldoxime and salicylaldoxime. The formal solid phase reaction 24 is but 5 kJmol endothermic. 

There are 41362 community systems in the 32 major-use states. These facilities provide drinking water to 91% (213 million) of the 234 million people in these states (Table 29.2). SDWA quarterly compliance-monitoring data for atrazine and simazine from community systems in the 32 major-use states were obtained from the state regulatory agencies. These primary data represent an 8-year period (January 1993 to December 2000). There are 28280 CWS (68%) with 146683 samples analyzed for atrazine in the PLEX database (Table 29.3) and 27959 community systems (68%) with 137 956 simazine data points (Table 29.4). 

Course of the reaction. In Table I, data are presented from two typical experiments which show the relative rates of formation of ammonia and carbon dioxide. These data serve to indicate a possible course of the urea-ethylene glycol reaction. Clearly, the synthesis of ethyleneurea did not proceed through simple elimination of two moles of water from an equimolar mixture of reactants for there was no evidence that water per se was obtained from the reaction. Indeed, it did not appear to be even a primary product since, if it had been and if it had reacted with urea, then the quantity of carbon dioxide relative to ammonia would have been much higher in the early stages of the reaction. From the very large quantity of ammonia evolved it appeared that the primary product was a carbamate. This carbamic acid ester of ethylene glycol subsequently lost carbon dioxide with formation of the desired C—N bond as indicated by the following equations ... 

The primary experimentally determined data in Tables 1.2 and 1.3 are the isotopic ratios and volume fractions in air and the total mass of air these are tabulated with their reported uncertainties. Quantities derived from these are shown without error limits in Tables 1.2 and 1.3 for reasons cited earlier, they are stated to more significant figures than are justified by the precision of the primary data from which they are calculated. 

In the following table are data on the dependence of the average floccule radius, achieved after 500 s of flocculation, on the initial primary particle number density for a transport-controlled flocculation process. Estimate the fractal dimension of the floccules formed. (Answer D 1.8, based on a log-log plot.)... 

Table 11.1 lists primary data points that should be monitored to determine how an RO system is basically functioning.1 The parameters listed in Table 11.1 all affect the product flow rate and/or product quality, as described in Chapter 9. Of all the data points identified in Table 11.1, feed, product, and reject data are most commonly measured, and most RO skids are constructed with required instrumentation for measuring these variables. 

Important material that is so detailed that inclusion in the main body of the report would break the continuity of the text should be assembled in appendices. Examples are a long mathematical derivation, extensive tables of primary data (e.g., temperatirre-time values in calorimetry or composition-time values in chemical kinetics), exterrsive printout of computer data files, or a detailed hsting of any nonstandard computer program. 

These are listed in Table V. The uncertainties in the primary data did not justify the calculation of these derived quantities at temperatures other than 25°C. 

Key Field. Field in a table that uniquely identifies rows in the table (primary key) or contributes to uniquely identifying the rows (secondary or composite key), or that connects the given row to data in another table (foreign key). Key fields are usually indexed for rapid lookup and retrieval. 

A table is often the most appropriate way to present numerical data in a concise, accurate and structured form. Laboratory reports and project dissertations should contain tables which have been designed to condense and display results in a meaningful way and to aid numerical comparison. The preparation of tables for recording primary data is discussed on p. 67. 

The size of primaiy particles is different for different latexes they decrease with increasing polymer phase polarity (Fig. IS). Data of af rox imate calculation of sizes of primary particles, the number of tnacromole-cules in them, and tbe content of primary panicles in particles of tbe resultant latex are given in Table VIII data for a hotyl methacrylate latex synthesized under similar conditions wherein primary particles were not revealed by the same oxygen etching method are also presented in (his table,... 

Table 2 gives a comparison of the six heavy-metal contents of a variety of natural earth materials that annually impact atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. The primary data of metals are also normalized with respect to titanium (Ti). Titanium is a very conservative element that is associated with crustal rock sources. Normalization with respect to Ti compensates... 

Table 2a Primary data (n) of salt spry test cabinet corrosivity evaluation in eight experiments as corrosion rate (v, mg/m2) of RS (average mass m=31225 mg) mass loss (Am, mg) from their geometric surface area (S, mm2) (first four experiments)...

The species and reactions in the tables appear in standard order of arrangement. Table III-2 contains information only on those reaetions for whieh primary data selections are made in Chapter V of this review. These seleeted reaetion data are used, together with data for key selenium species and auxiliary data seleeted in this review, to derive the eorresponding formation data in Table lll-l. The uneertainties associated with values for key selenium species and the auxiliary data are in some cases substantial, leading to comparatively large uneertainties in the formation quantities derived in this manner. 

A detailed discussion of the selection procedure is presented in Chapter V. It may be noted that this chapter contains data on more species or compounds than are present in the tables of Chapter 111. The main reasons for this situation are the lack of information for a proper extrapolation of the primary data to standard conditions in some systems and lack of solid primary data in others. 

The scandium selenite formed in the reaction between an aqueous solution of ScCls and Na2Se03(cr) was amorphous and contained 10 molecules of water. The enthalpy of formation of Sc2(SeO3)3-10H2O(am) is evaluated in Table A-61 both with the reported enthalpy changes and those calculated by the review from the primary data. 

The largest discrepancy between the primary data and the reported enthalpy change occurs for Reaction 4. The review has exchanged the result for this reaction with auxiliary data by Leonidov and Furkaluk [99LEO/FUR] in Table A-62. 

Table 2.1 List of molecules studied with four-component methods. The fourth column lists quantities, which have been investigated primary data P = (total electronic energies (E), orbital energies e,-, population analyses PA), ionization energies IE, election affinities EA, atomization energies A, spectroscopic data S = (equilibrium distance re, dissociation energy De, frequencies/wave numbers coe, bond angles 0), electric properties E = (dipole moment fx, quadrupole moment 0, dipole polarizability a, infrared intensities I, excited states ES, electric field gradients EFG, energetics of reaction R.

Conversion and selectivity data obtained in the alkylation of ammonia with n-propanol over different Raney nickel catalysts are listed in Table 1. Data given in Table 1 indicate that n-Pr2NH can be obatined on unmodified and vanadium modified Raney nickel catalyst with 70-72 % selectivities at 92-95 % conversions. Upon modifying the Raney nickel catalyst with Mg the selectivity of the secondary amine increased to 74-75 % at 94-97 % conversions. The increase of the reaction temperature from 225 to 245 resulted in slight increase of the conversion and the selectivity to the primary amine both on unmoified and Mg modified catalysts. The introduction of V or Mg modifiers affected both the selectivity of the secondary amine and the ratio of primary to tertiary amines. 

Many annotation tracks, such as the Conservation track, are based on data from multiple tables joined on common fields. In these instances, the primary data table underlying the track is listed first in the table menu. The All Tracks and All Tables option in the group menu provide convenient shortcuts if the name of the track or table to be opened is already known. 

This kind of relationship between two tables is called a one-to-many relationship because for any one compound in the epa.compound table, there could be many rows in the logP table, related by the cid column. Once this type of relationship is established between two tables, it easily accommodates other tables of data. For example, if several molecular weight values for each compound were to become necessary, a new table for molecular weight could be created that would use the same compound id to relate to the compound table. The column used to relate two tables is called the key column. In this example, it would be called a primary key in the epa.compound table and a foreign key in the epa.logP table. Keys are discussed further in a later section of this chapter. 

For the purposes of this table we designate the difference by <58 = <5Aiff(g, n-PrX, i-PrX). All primary data are taken from Reference 3 and are in kcalmol-1. 

As discussed in Appendix A, it appears that the reported molar conductance values from at least two of the studies [73KAT], [76SHI/TSU] are for rounded concentration values. If the values reported are smoothed molar conductances, the true experimental scatter may have been greater. The statistical uncertainties listed in Table V-25 are the values from the data re-analysis [80PET/TAB]. Fitting of the (unavailable) primary data from those studies probably would have led to larger calculated statistical uncertainties in (assumed equivalent to AT°(V.88)). Estimated (2a) uncertainties for all four values of Ai°((V.88), 298.15 K) are listed in Table V-25. Based solely on the conductance data at 25°C, at 7 = 0 the value of Ai°((V.88), 298.15 K) is (228.1 15.5), or log,o 7 ((V.88), 298.15 K) = (2.36 0.03). 

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