Scattering of the experimental

An exception to improved performance under flow interruption is for a group of points at r = 90 min with s = 0.01. In these experiments water flowed through the trickle bed for less than 1 min during a cycle. The oxidation rate under steady state is close to the maximum steady-state rate. Even though the scatter of the experimental data at s = 0.01 is large, all the measurements under flow interruption lie below the line representing steady state. 

The squares and full lines of Fig. 11 summarize their results. The scatter of the experimental points seems mainly due to the analysis of the transient behavior the diffusion coefficient D and hence the solubility s = P/D fluctuate much more than the steady-state permeation coefficient P. Their Arrhenius lines are described by ... 

Equations 6.49 and 6.50 should be used with caution in view of the not inconsiderable scatter of the experimental data. 

Use a value of r of 0.1. Again this is a guess, but given the scatter of the experimental points, it looks as if this is a reasonable number. In fact, values 10-fold greater or smaller do not have a major impact on die resultant model, although diey do influence die first few estimates. 

For the determination of the critical Cd-level in the heavy clay soil the normal procedure could not be used as the regression line was rejected by the t-test due to excessive scatter of the experimental points. As indicated earlier in this particular case a critical concentration range was estimated using the Duncan test. 

As these differences were within the scatter of the experimental measurements. Brewer ( ) assumed AC = 0 and AS = 0 for the formation of Mo Oj j from 3 MoOg(cr) and Mo02(cr). 

Inspection of the calculations in Table 6 shows that the estimate s(H) is determined almost entirely by the results of group 1 (runs 1, 2 and 3). Furthermore, j(JE) is considerably greater than the standard error of any individual rate coefficient estimated from the scatter of the experimental values of In a about the fitted straight line. In other words, it is the inability to replicate the experimental conditions exactly rather than the definition of the straight lines which determines the precision of the final estimate of the rate coefficient. In fact, we show in the calculations set out in Table 7 that the replicate experiments in Group 1 differ significantly from one another. It is because these results are so discordant that we have... 

The present situation with the observed trends and with the precision of the data is better illustrated by Fig. 5.26 than by the simple linear correlations. It can be seen that the desorption energies (obtained by conventional approach) of very volatile molecular liquids tend to approach the sublimation energies (calculated for mobile adsorption), while those of more ionic liquids make only about two-thirds of AsubH. The scatter of the experimental AdesH values is very large. Evidently, if the data for less volatile and ionic liquids were not known, one would not insist on any linear correlation. The scatter of values obtained for a particular compound by different... 

The experimental procedure presented above involves a number of sequential steps that utilize relatively small volumes and weights of material. This contributed to scatter of the experimental data. Since there was no clear justification for rejecting a specific data point, all points obtained were included in the final graphs regardless of how markedly they deviated from an observed trend. The effect of data scatter on interpretation of results was minimized by assaying a number of samples for each coacervate system characterized. 

It has been remarked that time (frequency) - temperature reduced data on carbon black filled rubbers exhibit increased scatter compared to similar data on unfilled polymers. Payne (102) ascribes this to the effects of secondary aggregation. Possibly related to this are the recent observations of Adicoff and Lepie (174) who show that the WLF shift factors of filled rubbers giving the best fit are slightly different for the storage and loss moduli and that they are dependent on strain. Use of different shift factors for the various viscoelastic functions is not justified theoretically and choice of a single, mean ar-funetion is preferred as an approximation. The result, of course, is increased scatter of the experimental points of the master curve. This effect is small for carbon black... 

The corresponding response surface plot of the fit to the luminance efficiency (Fig. 11.14(b)) also shows that the concentration of the electron-transporting moiety in the layer is the major parameter controlling the device performance. In fact, increasing the PBD concentration from 10 to 35 wt. % doubles the luminance efficiency. Also, the rather small scatter of the experimental data around the fitting function (calculated for a constant value of cIr) suggests, that the Ir(mp-py)3 concentration has only a weak influence on the device efficiency. However, there are few data points situated well above the fit, which were all measured for devices with Ir(mppy)3 concentrations less than 0.5 wt. %. Apparently,... 

Fig. 1. Total energy of fee thorium in dependenee of the lattiee eonstant, ealeulated with the relativistie FPLO method (RFPLO) using the Perdew-Wang 92 version of LDA [25]. The position of the minimum is indieated by the dashed line. Further, the experimental lattice constant is given by a box, where the width shows the scatter of the experimental data. Calculated equilibrium lattice constants with other relativistic band structure codes are denoted by arrows. Figure taken from Ref. [26].

Results and Discussion The differences between the actuaf and theoreti-caffy cafcufated mofar enthalpies are seen to be insignificant. The largest discrepancy, 9-12 kJ moP (about 4%), is observed for ZnS and ZnSe. This is comparable with the scatter of the experimental data given for the same compounds (CdS and CdSe) in different papers. Therefore, there are no grounds to attribute the observed discrepancies to deviation of the product composition from the equifibrium composition. This conclusion is, on the whole, consistent with the general features of the effect of the crystaf structure on the decomposition products (see Chapter 9). 

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