T cell line

Harrowe G, Cheng-Mayer C (1995) Amino acid substitutions in the V3 loop are responsible for adaptation to growth in transformed T-cell lines of a primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Virology 210 490-494... 

Oberlin E, Amara A, Bacheleiie F, Bessia C, Virelizier JL, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Schwartz O, Heard JM, Clark-Lewis I, Legler DF, Loetscher M, Baggiolini M, Moser B (1996) The CXC chemokine SDF-1 is the hgand for LESTR/fusin and prevents infection by T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1. Nature 382 833-835... 

Shimizu N, Kobayashi M, Liu HY et al (1995) Detection of tryptase TL2 and CD26 antigen in brain-derived cells non-permissive to T-cell line-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1. FEBS Lett 358 48-52... 

Au(CN)2] is taken up into H9 cells, a T-cell line susceptible to HIV infection and retards the proliferation in these cells. At low concentrations, as low as 20 ppb, it is well tolerated in arthritic patients and may serve well as an adjunct alongside existing HIV treatments [146]. 

Moreover, a recent study also revealed that ROS generation led to the activation of caspase-2 during p-carotene-induced apoptosis in the human leukemic T cell line Molt 4. The apoptosis progressed by simultaneous activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, and a cross talk between these initiator caspases was mediated by the pro-apoptotic protein Bid. Inhibition of caspases 2, 8, 9, and 3 independently suppressed the caspase cascade. The cleavage of the anti-apoptotic protein BclXL was found to be another important event during P-carotene-induced apoptosis, suggesting the presence of an extensive feedback amplification loop in P-carotene-induced apoptosis (Prasad et al., 2006). 

Riedlinger, J., Grencis, R.K and Wakelin, D. (1986) Antigen-specific T-cell lines transfer protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis in vivo. Immunology 58, 57-61. 

Journet A et al. Towards a human repertoire of monocytic lysosomal proteins. Electrophoresis 2000 21 3411-3419. Soskic V et al. Functional proteomics analysis of signal transduction pathways of the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor. Biochemistry 1999 38 1757-1764. Thiede B et al. A two dimensional electrophoresis database of a human Jurkat T-cell line. Electrophoresis 2000 21 2713-2720. 

NO acts as an autocrine factor that mediates HIV-1 replication as at the molecular level, NO seems to stimulate long-terminal repeat-mediated transcription [125]. It was noted that exogenous NO increases replication of HIV-1 T-tropic isolates in primary T cells or T-cell lines, and inhibitors of iNOS partly block HIV-1 replication, especially that induced by tumor necrosis factor a [125]. The contrasting effects of exogenous NO, particularly NO donors, may depend on the type of NO donors, their releasing kinetics, and the dose used in the study design. 

These forms of human FcyRII are differentially expressed in immune cells. For example, FcyRIIB transcripts are detectable in monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, but not in neutrophils, NK cells or T-cell lines. On the other hand, FcyRIIA and FcyRIIC are expressed on monocytes, macro-... 

After several passages in cell culture, many strains of HIV can be maintained in transformed T-cell lines, most commonly Hg, HUT-78, and CEM. The monocyte line U-937 also permits growth of HIV and may be more sensitive than lymphocytes in some stages of infection. 

Dideoxyuridine (ddU) is an antiviral agent that proved ineffective at controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in human T-cells. This ineffectiveness was ascribed to a lack of substrate affinity of ddU for cellular nucleoside kinases, which prevent it from being metabolized to the active 5 -triphosphate. To overcome this problem, bis[(pivaloyloxy)methyl] 2, 3 -dideoxyuridine 5 -monophosphate (9.41) was prepared and shown to be a membrane-permeable prodrug of 2, 3 -di-deoxyuridine 5 -monophosphate (ddUMP, 9.42) [93]. Indeed, human T-cell lines exposed to 9.41 rapidly formed the mono-, di-, and triphosphate of ddU, and antiviral activity was observed. This example again documents... 

TPA (Knox et al., 1993). Activation of PKC by TPA prevented Fas-induced apoptosis in human leukemic T cell lines (Ruiz-Ruiz et al., 1997). Apoptosis of B cells occurring in the ileal Peyer s patch follicles in sheep could be abrogated during the first 12 hours of culture by the addition of TPA or PdBu (Motyka et al., 1993). Translocation of PKC from the cytosol rescued center B cells in germinal centers firom apoptosis (Knox and Gordon, 1994). 

Arentz-Hansen et al. (2004) ( continuation of Lundin et al, 2003) 9 CD subjects who had history of oats exposure ( 5/9 from same study population) Derivation of polyclonal T cell lines In vitro duodenal mucosal cultures were challenged with either pepsin or Avenin-reactive T cell lines recognized avenin peptides in the context of HLA-DQ2 A substantial proportion of the avenin-reactive T cell appears to be specific to avenin Some CD patients have avenin-reactive mucosal T cells that can cause mucosal inflammation... 

Kilmartin et al. (2006) 7 CD subjects Immune response of gliadin-reactive mucosal T cell lines to wheat, barley, rye, and oat-related cereals All 5 T cell lines demonstrated immunoreactivity to protein fractions from 4 related cereals Some cell lines reactivity to wheat, barley, and rye was evident only when cereal fractions were pretreated with tTG Confirms similar T cell antigenic reactivity of 4 related cereals... 

Measuring proliferation or cytokine production Despite oats stimulation of T cell lines, it did not activate a mucosal lesion in most subjects ... 

In addition to the pivotal studies, several publications (Table 6.2) used other methods to test the response of individuals with celiac disease who were introduced to oats. These studies did not fulfill the selection criteria of pivotal studies namely an in vivo oats challenge with an intestinal/skin biopsy to assess the biological response to the introduction of oats into an otherwise gluten-free diet. Instead, they used various in vitro techniques to assess the immune response to avenin, or serology without an intestinal mucosal biopsy. Most of the methods used duodenal mucosal cultures prepared from biopsies or intestinal T cell lines obtained from individuals with celiac disease. Other studies measured the immunogenic reaction in peripheral lymphocytes or measured the presence of various antibodies in individuals with verified celiac disease who included oats in their diet, in comparison with a reference group (Table 6.2). Some of these studies used patients that were previously included in pivotal studies. These studies are identified with an asterisk ( ) in Table 6.2. 

This may be complemented with ex vivo gene profiling of PBMC from patients on immunosuppressive drugs. Finally, instead of using fresh human PBMC and rodent splenocytes, cell lines such as the human Jurkat T-cell line and the mouse EL4 thymoma cell line can be used. 

K5. Knipping, E., Debatin, K. M., Strieker, K., Heilig, B., Eder, A., and Krammer, P. H., Identification of soluble APO-1 in supernatants of human B- and T-cell lines and increased serum levels in B- and T-cell leukemias. Blood 85, 1562-1569 (1995). 

Figure 11. Extension of the five antigenic sites of Mb. The five antigenic sites (underlined residues) were extended by 6-7 residues each to enhance their T-cell proliferative activity. These peptides were used to prepare T-cell lines and T-cell clones with submolecular specificity to preselected protein sites (73).

Table VIII. Proliferative response of an SJL T-cell line obtained by 4 passages with free extended site 4...

Results from testing against a variety of polymerase enzymes show that efavirenz is inactive up to 300 p,M for a 50% inhibition (Young et al., 1995). The polymerase enzymes studied were Moloney murine leukemia virus RT, human DNA polymerases a, 3, and 7, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, and the Klenow fragment. Cytotoxicity studies in their primary cells and in a T-cell line reveal that efavirenz has a selectivity index of 80,000. 

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