Synthetic fibers growth

The original route to acrylonitrile was the catalytic reaction of HCN with acetylene. That was a combination of two compounds that together had all the characteristics youd like to avoid—poisonous, explosive, corrosive, and on and on. But during World War II, acrylonitrile became very important as a comonomer for synthetic rubber (nitrile rubber). Later, the growth for acrylonitrile came from synthetic fibers like Orion, Acrylon, and Dynel. 

Growth of Minerals, Fibrous Minerals, and Synthetic Fibers... 

The student should also review Chapter 1, Table 1.16, where the top polymer production is given numerically. Overall a 1.8% per year growth was recorded for 1990-2000 in synthetic fibers. A net decrease in the cellulosics of 3.6% per year shows their diminishing importance. Acrylics also decreased 3.9% annually in this period. The rising star is polyolefins, which increased 5.8% per year in the past decade. 

In the United States, olefin fiber consumption has risen steadily since its introduction in 1961. Olefin fiber is the only synthetic fiber showing market growth in recent years. 

Production of colored textiles is one of the basic technologies in human civilization. Textile consumption is steadily increasing worldwide, following the growth of world population and stimulated by a growing GDP in many countries, primarily in Asia. Synthetic fibers increased their share, particularly polyester fibers see (Table 4.1). 

Export Export growth in China is running at a staggering 20 percent p.a. The country already produces 21 percent of the world s textiles, driving demand for synthetic fibers. Other chemical-intensive export-driven industries include consumer electronics, children s toys, packaging, household appliances, and basic pharmaceuticals. 

What Is a Polymer, Anyway Call in the Special Forces Hermann Staudinger and Herman Mark Who s the Fatherf Wallace Carothers and the First Synthetic Fiber From Globs to Fiber Chain-Growth Polymers... 

In summary, cotton s future is positive. Cotton use should benefit from consumer demand stemming from favorable economic growth prospects and because of research. On the production side, global output should continue to provide an adequate supply for mill demand. Finally, cotton, one of the most important textile fibers and one of the world s important oilseed crops, should continue to be recognized as a significant commodity in world trade and the consumption of this important fiber, food, and feed crop will continue to grow but at a slower rate than synthetic fibers. 

The vast growth of petrochemicals connected with the expansion of the industries producing plastics, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubbers, detergents and many other organic chemicals, steadily requires greater amounts of hydrocarbon raw materials each year. 

Problem 30.17 The first synthetic fibers were prepared by the step-growth polymerization of HOOC(CH2)4COOH arxJ HOCH2CH2OH. Draw the structure of this polymer and suggest reasons why it is less suitable than either nylon 6,6 or PET for use in consumer products. 

Chemical Abstracts (19) will probably satisfy most requirements for literature on research in fiber-forming materials. The first United States articles on synthetic fibers and fiber-forming polymers appeared largely in the J ournal of the American Chemical Society (32), The rapid growth of polymer science fostered the establishment of the Journal of Polymer Science (35) in 1945. The usefulness of this monthly journal as a medium for the publication of fundamental research papers has also been enhanced by the fact that details appear in this journal that would ordinarily be edited out of other journals. 

The growth of synthetic fibers has led to the devising of syntheses from petroleum of the chemical intermediates required for this new industry. Leaving aside acetic anhydride from ethylene via synthetic ethanol and from propylene via acetone, already established and used for cellulose acetate in the 193O s, nylon has called for the isolation of petroleum cyclohexane and for the discovery of a route from butadiene to nylon salt Dacron for the isolation of p-xylene from petroleum xylene, and the nitrile fibers for the synthesis of acrylonitrile from ethylene or acetylene. 

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