Single-stage processes

Operational Factors In industrial use, peiwaporation is a continuous-flow single-stage process. Multistage cascade devices are unusual. Peiwaporation is usually an adjunct separation, occasionally a principal one. It is used either to break an azeotrope or to concentrate a minor component. Large stand-alone uses may develop in areas... 

Single-stage process will remove CO2 down to 1.5% in the treated gas... 

Similarly, Al, H2 and Mc2C=CH2 react at 100° and 200 atm to give AlBu 3 in a single-stage process, provided a small amount of this compound is present at the start this is required because Al does not react directly with H2 to form AIH3 prior to alkylation under these conditions. Alkene exchange reactions can be used to transform AlBuj into numerous other trialkyls. AIBU3 reduced by potassium... 

The interaction takes place as a single-stage process ... 

Thus, 10 modules will almost meet the specification for a single-stage process. 

These two-phase polymers are generated in an optimized single-stage process using a corotating, close-intermeshing, twin-screw extruder. 

We can make polyurethanes via one- or two-step operations. In the single-stage process, diols and isocyanates react directly to form polymers. If we wish to make thermoplastic linear polymers, we use only diisocyanates. When thermosets are required, we use a mixture of diisocyanates and tri- or polyisocyanates residues of the latter becoming crosslinks between chains. In the first step of the two-stage process, we make oligomers known as prepolymers, which are terminated either by isocyanate or hydroxyl groups. Polymers are formed in the second step, when the isocyanate terminated prepolymers react with diol chain extenders, or the hydroxyl terminated prepolymers react with di- or polyisocyanates. 

Table 12.39 Typical print paste recipe for a single-stage process with vat dyes...

Figure 13.10. Single-stage process with solvent recovery...

Oxidation reactions are much faster than reforming reactions, suggesting that a single stage process for syngas generation would be a viable alternative to steam reforming. 

Reactions of this type provide major routes to both the monocyclic system and to 1,5-benzothiazepines. In some cases the reactions are single-stage processes but in many cases the intermediate produced by the primary formation of the S—C bond can be isolated. Thus 2-aminoethanethiol reacts with a,/3-unsaturated or j3-halogeno ketones to give (408). Similarly reaction with a,/3-unsaturated acids, esters or acid chlorides and with 3-halogenopropionyl halides gives the 5-oxo derivative (409). 2-Aminoethanethiol also reacts with activated 2-chlorobenzophenones to give 1,4-benzothiazepines. 

The carcinogenic process is not a single-stage process. How many stages has it and what are they ... 

Centrifugal (vertical) single-stage, process type vertical orientation used to exploit low net positive section head (NPSH) requirements... 

Figure 3. Simplified hydrocracking single-stage process flow diagram...

Since the residual solution is saturated at 90% recovery, an additional yield does not affect the work. In the paper previously referred to (5), the work for single-stage separation is plotted vs. per cent recovery but the values are considerably lower, especially at the higher yields, than the ones reported here. As no details on the method were given in the previous paper, the authors are unable to explain the discrepancy. The value for 0% is obviously the same for both the differential and single-stage processes. 

Figure 7-20 The hydrocracking process (a) single-stage process and (b) two-stage process.

In the single-stage process, the first reactor effluent is sent directly to the-... 

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