Swedish Association of the

An important feature of the code is its universal applicability. All companies that are members of an affiliated trade association (e.g. ABPI [Association of British Pharmaceutical Industries], LEEM [Les enterprises du medicament or French Pharmaceutical Companies Association], LIF [Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry], Interpharma) are required to apply the minimum standards of the code wherever they do business. Companies entering into licensing and agency agreements are expected to require their licensees and agents to respect the provisions of the IFPMA code. 

Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry. Code of Marketing Practice, June 2002 (www.lif.se/pdf/Rules drug information.pdf). 

D. Lachenal, M. T. Taverdet, and M. Muguet, in "Production of Bleached Chemical Pulp in the Future," Eroceedings of the 1991 International Eulp Bleaching Conference, Stockholm, Vol. 2, The Swedish Association of Pulp and Paper Engineers, Stockholm, 1991, pp. 33—43 B. DiUner and P. 

The Swedish Classification Scheme initiated in 2005 by the Swedish Association of Pharmacy Industries (LIF), the Swedish Medical Products Agency, Apoteket (National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies), the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions and the Stockholm County Council, take in account Persistence, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity (PBT) characteristics of pharmaceutical products. This voluntary scheme looks at the environmental hazard and the associated risk of pharmaceutical products. The environmental risk is calculated based on the ratio PEC/PNEC according to the EMEA guideline [17,124, 127]. The obtained information is only available on the website www.fss.se, since due to European restrictions it is not possible to include warning labels on the packaging of medications [17]. 

Brunow, G., and Wallin, H. (1981) Studies concerning the preparation of synthetic lignin. In Ekman-Days 1981, International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, SPCI (Svenska Pappers- och Cellulosaingeniorsforeningen, The Swedish Association of Pulp and Paper Engineers), Stockholm, Sweden. 

In order to learn more, and if possibly decrease environmental impacts through adjusted prescription patterns, the Research-based Pharmaceutical Industry in Sweden (LIE [20]) has developed an enviromnental classification scheme for pharmaceutical substances[21] The model for presenting environmental data was developed in collaboration with Stockholm County Council, the pharmacy chain Apoteket AB, the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SKL), and the Swedish Medical Products Agency MPA. The goal was to develop a model, which clearly shows environmental information, both to interested members of the public, to healthcare professionals and pharmacists. The environmental information draws on data from the pharmaceutical companies, often generated in the preparation phase... 

Figure 8.24 Electric furnace for the production of raw steel from scrap. (Reprinted from the booklet Steel with permission from Employers Association of the Swedish Steel and Metal Industry, Stockholm.)...

Among a group of children sampled in Addis Ababa, the mean level of IgE was about 3000 ng/ml, as compared to an average of 160 ng/ml among Swedish children of the same age. This was attributed to parasitic infestation, since the highest levels were seen in children with stools positive for Ascaris lumbricoides (227). Other investigations, some of which are reviewed by Bennich and Johansson (216), have also demonstrated an association between parasitic diseases and high levels of IgE. One individual, with ankylostomiasis, had a serum IgE concentration of 140,000 ng/ml (cited in reference 216). 

When the data as a whole are reviewed for studies on humans exposed to ethylene oxide, no conclusion can be made that there is an increase in mortahty associated with those exposed to ethylene oxide. Two Swedish studies (247,248) indicated an increase in leukemia for workers exposed to multiple chemicals including ethylene oxide however, in a recent larger Swedish study (249) of workers exposed to only ethylene oxide, there was no association of any type of cancer increase for these workers. In a recent study sponsored by NIOSH, there was no significant increase in mortahty observed for cancer when all types are combined or for certain individual types of cancer, even for those people who worked the longest and were observed the longest. However, a statistically significant increase in mortahty from certain types of lymphoma was observed for male workers. This is contrary to the results observed for female workers. In addition, four other cohort studies of ethylene oxide-exposed workers have been pubhshed (250—253), but no unequivocal increase in the risk of cancer was observed. 

Parasnis, D.S., 1985. Kosmos 1985. Yearbook of the Swedish Physics Association. (Svenska Fysikersamfundet), Swedish Science Press, Uppsala, pp. 69-82. (in Swedish)... 

Recently, seven polymorphisms have been identified in ADH7, one of which is in the promoter. These polymorphisms were grouped into five alleles in a Swedish population, and one of the alleles was associated with Parkinson s disease [36]. The potential association of polymorphisms with alcoholism or its sequelae would be important. 

After his dissertation Bengt Lindberg was appointed associate professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and in 1956 he became head of the wood chemistry department at the Svenska Traforskningsinstitutet (Swedish Forest Research Laboratory). In 1959, he was awarded the honorary title of Professor by the Swedish King. 

Gadolinum is found in minerals bastnasite and monazite, always associated with other rare earth metals. It was isolated from yttria in 1880 by the Swiss chemist Marignac, and discovered independently in 1885 by Boisbaudran. It was named in honor of the Swedish chemist Gadolin. Its abundance in the earth s crust is 6.2 mg/kg and concentration in sea water is 0.7 ng/L. 

Gunnar Alvan, MD, PhD Professor and Director General of the Swedish Medical Products Agency, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden, and Research Associate, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolin-ska Institutet, SE-141 86 Eluddinge, Sweden... 

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