Marketing practices

Ausness, R.C., "Will More Aggressive Marketing Practices Lead to Greater Tort Liability for Prescription Drug Manufacturers ," Wake Forest L. Rev., 37, 97-139 (2002). 

The negotiating team will most often include US representatives who act on the US client company s behalf. It is clear, however, that the Chinese are reluctant to have American sellers or buyers represented by third-country parties. The Chinese prefer to deal with Americans representing American products and American companies. They are interested in learning about our thought processes, our marketing practices, our corporate management skills, as well as about our products, services and technology. Yet they have a sense of humor not unlike ours. 

Where a journal is produced in the UK but intended for distribution solely to overseas countries local requirements and/or the requirements of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations (IFPMA) Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices should be borne in mind. 

IFPMA Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices (International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations)... 

June The Ohio Supreme Court allows a suit against 15 gun manufacturers to proceed. Overturning a lower court decision, it accepts the city s claim that gun marketing practices created a substantial danger by making guns too easily available to criminals and children. 

In the same way that the medical profession has recognized the need to provide its members with guidance on their relationship with the pharmaceutical industry, the pharmaceutical industry has realized that its employees need guidance as well. The industry is concerned that its employees may sully the pharmaceutical industry s reputation. The industry does not want their interactions with healthcare professionals to be perceived as inappropriate by patients or the public at large (PhRMA 2002). In order to avoid being overrun with the detailed nature of voluntary codes at the level of national associations, it is perhaps most instructive to start with the general principles contained in the IFPMA Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices (IFPMA 2000). 

The Code is intended to define universally applicable baseline standards of marketing practices. With respect to gift-giving and hospitality these are ... 

With respect to drug samples, the only marketing practice stated is that samples, clearly identified as such, may be supplied to the prescribing professions to familiarize them with products, to enable them to gain experience with the product in their practice, or upon request. 

CRBPC s Rx D Code of Marketing Practice provides that member companies must not distribute service-oriented items or conduct "special promotions", which cannot be justified if subjected to scrutiny by members of the health professions and the public (CRBPC 2005). Acceptable service-oriented items are defined as items the primary goal of which is to enhance the healthcare practitioner s/patient s understanding of a condition or its treatment. When member companies provide hospitality, they must ensure that all hospitality is conducted within the limits of acceptable public and professional scrutiny, keeping in mind the need for an ethical relationship in any social interaction between healthcare professionals and pharmaceutical companies (CRBPC 2005). During such interactions, companies may provide participants with refreshments/meals that are modest in content and cost. In all instances, the provision of refreshments/meals must be clearly incidental. No other form of hospitality or entertainment is to be provided. 

One striking difference between the PhRMA Code and the Canadian Code is the latter s inclusion of provisions for enforcement. The Rx D Marketing Practices Committee reviews complaints and can publish infractions and impose fines (sec. 15.2). There is also a right of appeal to an arbitrator selected and agreed to by the two parties involved in the complaint or, failing agreement, one appointed by the Chairman of the Board of Rx D (sec.15.4). The decision of the arbitrator is final and the company in question must adhere to the decision as a condition of continued membership in the association (sec. 15.6). 

Canada s Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies (CRBPC). 2005. Rx D Code of Marketing Practices. Available at http //www.canadapharma.org/home e.htm [Accessed November 15, 2005]. 

Unfortunately there is not a lot of information to assist the formulator in the proper or optimal use of the tools and resources available. There are not many forums that provide instruction on the art of adhesive formulating. Only a few textbooks have concentrated on the subject. And even though epoxy adhesives are the workhorse of the industry and occupy the majority of the structural adhesives market, practical, concentrated information on epoxy adhesive formulation is noticeably absent. This book is an attempt to correct this situation. 

Turner, J. (1971, October). A critical assessment of drug marketing practices. Journal of Drug Issues, 1, 301-311. 

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