Surveys demographic

Data are thus considered to be any information that contributes to, or is relevant to, a particular exposure assessment.3 The term encompasses not just numerical values or estimates, but also information provided in other forms, such as default values adopted for regulatory purposes, theory developed from first principles or basic science, computer programs, surveys, demographic data, census information, graphs, mathematical formulae, subjective expert judgements and descriptive summaries. More detail on the diversity of information that contributes to exposure assessment may be found in the other IPCS risk assessment documents, shown in Figure 1 (IPCS, 2000, 2004, 2005 Part 1 of this document). 

Commercial and Marketing Surveys. Demographic information about groups of people is useful to companies as well as government agencies. Commercial and marketing surveys gather some of the same types... 

Rosenbloom, S. 1995. Travel by the elderly. In Nationwide Persorud Transportation Survey, Demographic Special Reports. Washington DC U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, pp. 3-49. 

In 1986, the National Geographic Society, in cooperation with the MoneU Center, conducted a worldwide survey of the sense of smell. Over 10 million survey forms were sent to readers of the Society s journal, of which close to 1.5 million forms were completed and returned. With responses to 40 demographic and 42 odor-related questions, the results constitute the largest set of data on human olfaction (4). 

Before beginning the actual detailed examination that is the thrust of the walk-through survey, it is necessary to prepare yourself for what you are about to do. You can t just walk in and start looking at various activities. If you are not already familiar with every aspect of plant activity, you should familiarize yourself with the nature of the operation, including the organizational and demographic background, the processes, the tasks, the flow of activities, the equipment, and so on. Before you start any inspection you should ask yourself some specific questions such as those listed in Table 14-1. 

The sponsoring firm was not identified. The survey comprised three sections. The first recorded the identity of and purchasing data for the respondent s top two metal products vendors. The second section collected vendor performance ratings at the level of each performance attribute and overall vendor performance. The third section collected demographic information on the respondent firms. 

Walsh, Edward. Big Drop in Kids Expelled for Guns at School. San Francisco Chronicle, August 11, 1999, p. A3. Reports a survey by the federal Department of Education that found that the number of students expelled from schools for gun possession during the 1997-98 school year declined sharply from previous years. Both demographics and heightened security efforts may be responsible for the decline. 

Hunte, P., M. Safi, A. Macey, and G. B. Kerr. Indigenous methods of voluntary fertility regulation in Afghanistan. Natl Demographic Family Guidance Survey of Settled Population Afghanistan 1975 4 1. 

To determine how best to present green chemistry to students, it would be best to look at attitudes. A study reports on the relationship between attitudinal factors and student academic success in first-year chemistry courses. The study includes a comparison of attitudes toward chemistry of first-year medical students at two universities. Students from these two institutions differ considerably with respect to educational backgrounds. In the investigation, attitudes toward science (particularly chemistry) were correlated not only with students academic achievement, but also with personal demographic data, such as matriculation results, parents educational level, and location of high school. The students responses to an opinion survey suggest a substantial relationship between attitudes and academic achievement. The results also suggest that academic achievement in chemistry is more dependent on attitudes toward science than aptitudes of students (Cukrowska et al., 1999). 

The Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC conducted a survey entitled Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by United States Adults in 1999. The survey attempted to obtain a representative sample of minorities and also patients without telephones. This is important because these demographic groups tend to report lower utilization of botanicals products than Caucasians and those of higher socioeconomic status. The CDC found that 9.6% of the population took botanical medicines. Hispanics reported the lowest use of CAM followed by African-Americans, and then Caucasians 19.9%, 24.1%, and 30.8%i, respectively. The western part of the United States reported the highest use of CAM (15). 

GDHS [Ghana Demographic Health Survey] 1998. Ghana Statistical Service, Demographic and Health Surveys. Macro International, Maryland. 

Moreno, L., and N. Goldman. 1991. Contraceptive failure rates in developing countries Evidence from the demographic and health surveys. Int Fam Plan Perspect 17 44. 

Checking demographics The other key use of frequency analyses is to check that the demographics of a sample are reasonable. If your survey data are supposed to represent all patients being treated at a local health centre, but your frequency analyses reveal that 90 per cent of the responses are from women or there is a similarly disproportionate response from younger people or a particular ethnic group, there... 

This brief review has shown that there are some differences in the way dietary risk assessment is practiced between the US and the EU. Many of the differences have to do in the types of input data that are available, or in some of the methods used to collect the data. Regarding the food consun tion data, the US surveys use a dietary recall method, whereas the UK approach is a diary method that weighs and measures the amount of food consumed. In the US, data are collected for two non-consecutive days, whereas in the UK surveys, data are collected for either 4 or 7 consecutive days. The US survey is conducted as an integrated whole and includes all segments of the population. In contrast, the UK surveys are conducted for specific population groups. Finally, the US survey collects data at the household level, whereas the UK survey targets demographic characteristics, based upon census information. 

SHRM 2002 Workplace Demographic Trends Survey, SHRM, December 2002. 

Demographic surveys of many alternative or complementary medicines have been conducted in a range of locations, but there is usually a problem in clearly defining and categorizing individual types of product however, the usual outcome of these surveys is that the typical patient is middle-aged, middle-income, and female. One recent survey carried out in Washington State, United States, on patients aged 50-76 established the prevalence of their medical conditions, and prevalence of use of a number of nutraceuticals by both men (n = 29,435) and women (n = 32,152). Table 3 outlines the incidence of diseases treated with nutraceuticals. 

Subar, A.F. ef a/. (1990) Use of vitamin and mineral supplements demographics and amounts of nutrients consumed. The 1987 Health Interview Survey. Am. /. Epidemiol.. 132,1091-1101. 

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