Silicon and silica

Burns, C.J. et al., The epidemiology of scleroderma among women assessment of risk from exposure to silicone and silica, J. Rheumatol., 23, 1904, 1996. 

Brown, Berni and Mitcham (17) report ash, aluminum, silicon and silica contents of four samples taken from an electrostatic precipitator in a model card room. The silica determinations were made using X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The results are shown in Table XIII. Based on these data, only a small fraction of the silicon can be attributed to silica. 

Dust Levels and Ash, Aluminum Silicon, and Silica Contents of Dusts from Model Rooms (17)... 

Park s group has explored hyperbranched graft chemistry of aziridine on amine functionalized silica surfaces (Eqs. 18 and 19) [74]. Using silicon and silica substrates that have been functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)dieth-oxymethylsilane as initiator substrates, hyperbranched polyethyleneimine grafts were synthesized using aziridine monomers. 

W. Kem, Radiochemical study of semiconductor surface contamination II. Deposition of trace impurities on silicon and silica, RCA Rev. 234, 1970. 

Williams DF (1996) Silicon, silicone, and silica the importance of the right ending. Med Device Technol, 7(1) 7-11. 

A new method is available that replaces silver in the silvering of mirrors.152 A reflective multilayer coating of silicon and silica deposited by chemical vapor deposition replaces the usual metal films. 

The extension substrate is an only 0.5 mm-thick composite structure of silicon and silica crystals forming regular capillaries with tube diameters below 10 pm. Extension oligonucleotides are immobilized within these capillaries, and are specific for each separate area on the chip. Once the extension solution containing the target strand is applied to one special SNP chip area, the sample is driven into the crystal by capillary forces and exposed to its complementary extension oligonucleotides. Annealing takes place inside the capillaries, and extension occurs due to the presence of dideoxynucleotides and DNA polymerase. Results can be read out with laser scanners at a resolution of about... 

Defoamer 544-C. [ ClntT.] Blend of silicone and silica defoamer for jet and pressure dye machines. 

Bevilacqua P, Ferrara G (1996) Comminution of porous materials. Int J Min Proc 44 5 117-131 Heikkila T, Makila E, Ojanen S, Qu H, Louhi-Kultanen M, Riikonen J, Salonen J, Kumar N, Yu Murzin D, Santos HA, Laaksonen T, Peltonen L, Hirvonen J, Lehto V-P (2009) Effect of comminution on microparticle properties of mesoporous silicon and silica materials. In Proceedings of the 12th European symposium on comminution and classification, Espoo, pp 1-17 Heintz AS, Fink MJ, Mitchell BS (2010) Silicon nanoparticles with chemically tailored surfaces. Appl Organometal Chem 24 236-240... 

Thermal oxidation is a common technique to manipulate macropore shape and realize a variety of novel structures in silicon. The stress and deformation induced by such oxidation, kinetics of oxide growth, and its anisotropy are reviewed. Uniform arrays of both silicon and silica microstructures such as needles and tubules have been realized via thermal oxidation. 

Table 2 provides a conversion table for porosity and pore volume. The data is based on the solid silicon skeleton having a true density of 2.33 gcm and ambient air having a density of 0.0012 gcm. Note how there is a very dramatic increase in gravimetric pore volume with high porosities. A 70 % porosity layer has 1 ml/g of pore volume available, but by 99 % porosity this has risen to 40 ml/g. Porous amorphous silicon and silica will have shghtly higher pore volumes, at a given porosity, than those below for (poly)ciystalhne silicon, due to their lower skeleton densities. 

Fig. 2 Top -view microscopy images of different substrates considered in this work, (top) Flat silicon and silica sphere arrays before chemical treatment, (middle) Similar substrates after PFOTS treatment, (bottom) Images of flat silicon and silica sphere arrays decorated by gold nanoparticles. The wettability results (insets) show that superhydrophobicity is achieved on hierarchical structures as depicted by a large contact angle for identical surface chemistry...

Experimental verifications were done using amorphous film of silicon and silica. These amorphous materials are neither fee nor hexagonal, but their crystallographic structure derives from them. In the case of fcc-derived silicon (Figure 1.6a), a = 5.43 A, and the first halo is = 0.32 A. Using the adjustment factor X = 1.23, the calculated = 0.319 A. X is thus reliable for fcc-derived materials. 

Maas, J. H., Cohen Stuart, M. A., Sieval, A. B., Zuilhof, H., Sudhblter, E. J. R. (2003). Preparation of polystyrene brushes by reaction of terminal vinyl groups on silicon and silica surfaces. Thin Solid Films, 426, 135-139. 

Many interesting applications of silicones exploit their unusual surface activity. Mixtures of silicones and silica are used as defoaming agents [48] MQ [5]... 

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