Supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling

P. Arpino and P. Haas, Recent developments in supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling, 7. Chromatogr. A 703, 479-488 (1995). 

Carey, J.M., Vela, N.R and Caruso, J.A. (1992) Multi-element detection for supercritical fluid chromatography by inductively coupled mass spectrometry./. Anal. At. Spectrom., 7, 1173-1181. 

Interfacing Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry... 

Arpino, P.J., R Sadoun, and H. Virelizier. 1993. Reviews on recent trends in chromatography/ mass spectrometry coupling. Part IV. Reasons why supercritical fluid chromatography is not so easily coupled with mass spectrometry as originally assessed. Chromatographia 36 283-288. 

The use of separation techniques, such as gel permeation and high pressure Hquid chromatography interfaced with sensitive, silicon-specific aas or ICP detectors, has been particularly advantageous for the analysis of siUcones in environmental extracts (469,483—486). Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with various detection devices is effective for the separation of siUcone oligomers that have molecular weights less than 3000 Da. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-sims) is appHcable up to 10,000 Da (487). 

Shen et al. [262] evaluated indirectly coupled plasma mass spectrometry as an element detector for the supercritical fluid chromatography of organotin compounds in water. Detection limits of 0.04 and 0.047pg absolute were obtained, respectively, for tetrabutyltin and tetraphenyltin. 

Figure 15 Supercritical fluid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SFC-ICP-MS) instrument diagram showing a SFC-ICP interface. (From Ref. 116.)...

Vela, N.P., Caruso, J.A. Comparison of flame ionization and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the detection of organometallics separated by capillary supercritical-fluid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 641, 337-345 (1993)... 

Traditionally, flavonoids have been separated and analyzed by HPLC and gas chromatography (GC). However, recent developments of SFC may permit a more accurate and complete analysis of plant phenolic compounds. Supercritical fluid chromatography brings together the advantages of both HPLC and GC techniques because it may be readily employed in the analysis of nonvolatile and thermolabile compounds and provides facile coupling to detector technologies such as mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In recent years, SFC has been used to separate flavonoid compounds, most of which are polymethoxylated flavones and polyhydroxylflavonoids. 

The choice of the most suitable instrumental technique depends on several factors, such as the physical-chemical characteristics of analytes, the detection limits required, the level and type of interferences, the resolution needed, the identification power required, the accuracy and the precision of the quantitative determination, the availability of instrumentation and finally the cost and the time necessary per each determination. Moreover, extraction and clean-up procedures have to be suitably matched with instrumental analysis. GC coupled with Electron Capture Detection (ECD) or Mass Spectrometry (MS) has been widely applied for the determination of PCBs in organic extracts of environmental samples. In few cases the instrumentation includes the extraction step, such as an SEE system coupled with Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) or with GC (40). 

Sadoun, R Virelizier, H. Packed-column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatog. 647, 351-359(1993). 

Matsumoto K, Nagata S, Hattori H, Tsuge S. Development of directly coupled supercritical fluid chromatography with packed capillary-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. J Chromatogr 1992 605 87-94. Morgan DG, Norwood DL, Fisher DL, Moseley MA III. Directly coupled packed column SFC with APCI/MS. Poster and abstract presented at American Society for Mass Spectrometry. Portland, OR, 1996... 

Garzotti, M. and Hamdan, M., Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry A powerful tool for the analysis of chiral mixtures, J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 770(1-2), 53, 2002. 

Sample inlets can also be interfaces that allow the effluents of a variety of powerful separation techniques to enter the ion soimce at a rate that allows for vaporisation to take place. Hence, acronyms such as GC-MS, LC-MS, SFC-MS, etc., relating to gas chromatography, hquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, etc. coupled to mass spectrometry are now well estabhshed in the jargon of the anal5d ical community as these techniques have been widely accepted and they can be interfaced to any t5q)e of modern mass analyser. 

Shimmo, M., Adler, H., Hyotylainen, T., Hartonen, K., Kulmala, M., and Riekkola, M. L., Analysis of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by on-line coupled supercritical fluid extraction-liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2985-2995, 2002. 

The coupling of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with mass spectrometry (MS) seems to be easier... 

Sadoun F, Virhzer H, Arpino PJ. Packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry J Chromatogr A 3 647 351-359... 

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Principles and Instrumentation. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Cosmetics and Toiletries. Derivatization of Analytes. Electrophoresis Is-otachophoresls. Environmental Analysis. Enzymes Overview. Extraction Supercritical Fluid Extraction Solid-Phase Extraction Solid-Phase Microextraction. Ion Exchange Ion Chromatography Applications. Liquid Chromatography Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Applicable Elements Carbon-13 Phosphorus-31. Perfumes. 

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