Plant phenolic compounds

FRIEDMAN M and jOrgens h s (2000) Effect of pH on the stability of plant phenolic compounds , J Agric Food Chem, 48, 2101-10. 

Proestos C and Komaitis M 2008. Application of microwave-assisted extraction to the fast extraction of plant phenolic compounds. LWT Food Sci Technol 41(4) 652-659. 

Lechner D, Gibbons S, Bucar F. (2008) Plant phenolic compounds as ethid-ium bromide efflux inhibitors in Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Antimicrob Chemother 62 345-348. 

Plant phenolic compounds have also been suggested to provide a means for preventing the adverse affects that fungal toxins (mycotoxins) have on human health as well as serving in their detoxification (Beekrum et al., 2003). These authors investigated the impact of the plant phenolic... 

The focus of this book is centered on structure, nomenclature and occurrence of phenolic compounds (Chapter 1), and their chemical properties (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 describes the biosynthetic pathways leading to the major classes of phenolics. This chapter presents an up-to-date overview of the genetic approaches that have been used to elucidate these pathways. Chapter 4 presents an overview of methods for the isolation and identification of plant phenolic compounds. Given that much of the recent... 

Biochemical Actions of Plant Phenolics Compounds Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects... 

Plant Phenolic Compounds Modulation of Cytoprotective Enzymes and Nrf2/ARE Signaling... 

Indirect Cytoprotective Activity of Plant Phenolic Compounds... 

Modulation of Cytoprotective Enzymes by Plant Phenolic Compounds Structure-Activity Relationship 408... 

Despite the wide distribution of phenolic compounds in edible plants and the high dietary intake, the health effects of plant phenolic compounds had not been extensively studied until the mid-1990s due to their diversity of species and chemical structures. Epidemiological studies have revealed that dietary consumption of fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods and beverages is inversely correlated with the incidences of many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases [Stevenson and Hurst, 2007]. The evidences from clinical and laboratory studies strongly support... 

DNA damage in the presence of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and Cu(II) in vitro or in cells [Yoshino et al., 2004 Ahsan et al., 1999]. At higher concentrations curcumin exhibited genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in different systems [Cao et al., 2007]. At last, in vivo intervention trials using typical antioxidants such as ascorbate or carotenes yielded mostly disappointing results in terms of protection against oxidation-related diseases, sometime even increased the incidences of diseases [Stevenson and Hurst, 2007 Dinkova-Kostova and Talalay, 2008]. Obviously, the direct antioxidant capacity of plant phenolic compounds cannot explain their cytoprotective activities. 

INDIRECT CYTOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF PLANT PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND CYTOPROTECTIVE ENZYMES... 

For many years, the cytoprotective effects of plant phenolic compounds were attributed to their ability to direct scavenge oxidants and free radicals. However, as discussed in the last section, this concept is oversimplified and misleading. More and more evidence suggess that plant phenolic compounds could interact with cellular components and trigger a series of cellular responses, which are able to modulate the redox status of the cells and protect the cells from potentially toxic electrophiles/oxidants. 

MODULATION OF CYTOPROTECTIVE ENZYMES BY PLANT PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP... 

To better understand the health effects of plant phenolic compounds and to better utilize them, it is necessary to know the molecular mechanisms by which plant phenolic compounds induce cytoprotective enzymes. In vitro studies indicated that plant phenolic compounds such as curcumin often inhibited the enzymatic activities of GST, UGT, SULT as well as cytochrome P450s [Oetari et al., 1996], suggesting that the induction of cytoprotective enzyme activities could not be explained by direct interaction with plant phenolic compounds. On the other hand, much evidence indicates that the increased activity of cytoprotective enzymes are mainly attributable to enhanced transcriptional activation and enzyme synthesis [Holtzclaw et al., 2004]. 

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