Sulfids of antimony

Antimony pentasulfld—SbaSs—400—is obtained by decomposing an alkaline sulfantimonate by an acid. It is a dark orange- 

An oxysulfid, SbeSsOs, is obtained by the action of a solution of sodium hyposulfite upon SbCl or tartar emetic. It is a flne= red xKJwder, used as a pigment, and called antimony cinnabar or antimony vermilion. 

If vomiting have not occurred in cases of acute antimonial poisoning it should be provoked by warm water, or the stomach should be evacuated by the pump. Tannin in some form (decoction of oak bark, cinchona, nutgalls, tea) should then be given, with a view to rendering any remaining poison insoluble. 

Medicinal antimonials are very liable to contamination with arsenic.  

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Intimate mixtures of chlorates, bromates or iodates of barium, cadmium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc, with finely divided aluminium, arsenic, copper carbon, phosphorus, sulfur hydrides of alkali- and alkaline earth-metals sulfides of antimony, arsenic, copper or tin metal cyanides, thiocyanates or impure manganese dioxide may react violently or explosively, either spontaneously (especially in presence of moisture) or on initiation by heat, friction, impact, sparks or addition of sulfuric acid [1], Mixtures of sodium or potassium chlorate with sulfur or phosphorus are rated as being exceptionally dangerous on frictional initiation. 

Synonyms golden antimony sulfide golden sulfide of antimony antimonic... 

A powder which burns with a green flame is obtained by the addition of nitrate of baryta to chlorate of potash, nitrate of potash, acetate of copper. A white flame is made by the addition of sulfide of antimony, sulfide of arsenic, camphor. Red by the mixture of lampblack, coal, bone ash, mineral oxide of iron, nitrate of strontia, pumice stone, mica, oxide of cobalt. Blue with ivory, bismuth, alum, zinc, copper sulfate purified of its sea water [sic]. Yellow by amber, carbonate of soda, sulfate of soda, cinnabar. It is necessary in order to make the colors come out well to animate the combustion by adding chlorate of potash.15... 

Numerous laboratory experiments attest to the feasibility of biogenic formation of sulfides from metals other than iron. Miller (1950b), using sulfate-reducing bacteria, demonstrated the formation of sulfides of antimony, bismuth, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc and iron. Baas Becking and Moore... 

Formation,—(1.) By the action of HaO upon an alloy, obtained by fusing together native sulfid of antimony, 2 pts. cream of tartar, 2 pts. and arsenic trioxid, 1 pt. 

In the days of alchemy and the phlogiston theory, no system of nomenclature that would be considered logical ia the 1990s was possible. Names were not based on composition, but on historical association, eg, Glauber s salt for sodium sulfate decahydrate and Epsom salt for magnesium sulfate physical characteristics, eg, spirit of wiae for ethanol, oil of vitriol for sulfuric acid, butter of antimony for antimony trichloride, Hver of sulfur for potassium sulfide, and cream of tartar for potassium hydrogen tartrate or physiological behavior, eg, caustic soda for sodium hydroxide. Some of these common or trivial names persist, especially ia the nonchemical Hterature. Such names were a necessity at the time they were iatroduced because the concept of molecular stmcture had not been developed, and even elemental composition was incomplete or iadeterminate for many substances. 

Iron Precipitation. Rich sulfide ore or Hquated antimony sulfide (cmde antimony) is reduced to metal by iron precipitation. This process, consisting essentially of heating molten antimony sulfide ia cmcibles with slightly more than the theoretical amount of fine iron scrap, depends on the abihty of iron to displace antimony from molten antimony sulfide. Sodium sulfate and carbon are added to produce sodium sulfide, or salt is added to form a light fusible matte with iron sulfide and to faciHtate separation of the metal. Because the metal so formed contains considerable iron and some sulfur, a second fusion with some Hquated antimony sulfide and salt foHows for purification. 

Schwefel-. of sulfur, sulfur, sulfuric, sulfide of, thio-. siilfo-. -abdruck, m. sulfiir print, -alkali, n. alkali siilfide. -alkohol, m. siilfur alcohol, thiol carbon disulfide (old name), -ammonium, -ammon, n. ammonium sulfide, -antlmon, n. antimony sulfide, -antimonblei, n, antimony lead sulfide (Min.) boulanger-ite. 

SpiessglanZ kermes, m. kermesite kermes mineral, -kbnig, m. regulus of antimony, -leber,/. livex of antimony, hepar antimonii. -metall, n. antimony, -mittel, n. antimonial remedy, -mohr, m. aethiops antimonialis (old pharmaceutical preparation of mercury and antimony sulfides). -ocker, m, antimony ocher, -oxyd,n. antimon> trioxide. -safran,... 

Semimetal that occurs as a tin-type, brittle form and as a yellow, unstable, nonmetallic form. Its main use is in alloys to harden other metals. Without the addition of antimony, lead would have remained the "softy" of the Periodic Table. But with antimony, lead ruled the print world and later found use in the production of rechargeable batteries. It can be found in older ceramic glazing (yellow orange). Everyday encounters antimony sulfide in match heads and red rubber, antimony oxide is used as a flame retardant. Pure antimony is starting to become of interest in the electronics sector. 

Sulfides of arsenic and antimony are brightly colored, which has given rise to their use as pigments. Some of the sulfides, selenides, and tellurides of arsenic and antimony also function as semiconductors. 

Hydrogen sulfide gas interfered in the determination of antimony since, after the addition of hydrogen sulfide, a peak comes a few seconds after the antimony peak. It was found that either degassing the sample for 300 s or placing lead acetate in the line eliminated the problem without interfering with the antimony determination. 

In most oases, the fluoro Pummerer reaction can be carried out with 1.33 to 2.0 equiv of DAST and a "catalytic" amount of antimony trichloride in either refluxing methylene chloride or chloroform at room temperature or 50°C. In the synthesis of fluoromethyl phenyl sulfide, however, the induction period makes room temperature conditions the preferred method for large scale synthesis. 

Although antimony is not a rare metal, it is not well known, despite having been known and used for many centuries. It is the 63rd most abundant element on Earth, and it occurs mainly as sulfide ores or in combination with the ores of other metals. The ore that is the primary source of antimony is the mineral stibnite (antimony sulfide, Sb S ). Antimony is also found in copper, silver, and lead ores. Breithauptite (NiSb) and ullmanite (NiSbS) are two ores containing nickel. Dicrasite (Ag Sb) and pyrargyrite (Ag ShS ) are silver ores containing some antimony. 

Many of the salts of antimony are carcinogenic and can cause lung cancer if inhaled, as well as other cancers if ingested. This is a major hazard with the radioisotopes of antimony used in industry. Some of its sulfide compounds are explosive. 

It may also be prepared by the reaction of antimony pentachloride in HCl with hydrogen sulfide and removing any free sulfur by extraction with carbon disulfide ... 

The pure sulphide is obtained from its ore. Stibnite is separated from other ores by grinding and flotation. The ore is then heated to 550-600°C in a perforated vessel. The pure molten material is collected and cooled. It is also prepared by passing hydrogen sulfide into a solution of antimony trichloride ... 

Lead is produced commercially from its principal ore, galena (PbS). The ore is associated with sulfides of several metals including iron, copper, zinc, silver, bismuth, arsenic, antimony and tin. The ore is crushed and ground. It then is selectively separated from gangue and other valuable minerals by one or more processes that include gravity separation and flotation. Selective... 

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