Vehicles suitability

A considerable amount of carbon is formed in the reactor in an arc process, but this can be gready reduced by using an auxiUary gas as a heat carrier. Hydrogen is a most suitable vehicle because of its abiUty to dissociate into very mobile reactive atoms. This type of processing is referred to as a plasma process and it has been developed to industrial scale, eg, the Hoechst WLP process. A very important feature of a plasma process is its abiUty to produce acetylene from heavy feedstocks (even from cmde oil), without the excessive carbon formation of a straight arc process. The speed of mixing plasma and feedstock is critical (6). 

The farmer should price his product to reflect the quality, cost of production, competition, service provided, convenience and types of buyer targeted. If all of it sells, the price is too low. At least 10% of people should walk by shaking their heads. The farmer has to consider the transport needed for his product to the market, the distance involved and whether a suitable vehicle is available and can be fully loaded. Sales must be assessed after every event. Don t drive 200 miles to sell 25 chickens (Fanatico Redhage, 2002). 

Maruno, M. and da Rocha-Filhoa, P.A. (2010) O/W nanoemulsion after 15 years of preparation a suitable vehicle for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 31, 17-22. 

For solids, the test article will be moistened with water (500 mg test article/0.5ml water or another suitable vehicle) to ensure good contact with the skin. 

The dressing will again be removed approximately 23 h after the initial application of the test article. Residual test article will be carefully removed, where applicable, using water (or another suitable vehicle). 

If necessary, the test substance should be dissolved or suspended as a suitable vehicle, preferably in water, saline, or an aqueous suspension such as 0.5% methyl cellulose in water. If a test substance cannot be dissolved or suspended in an aqueous medium to form a homogenous dosage preparation, com oil or another solvent can be used. The animals in the vehicle control group should receive the same volume of vehicle given to animals in the highest-dose group. 

The majority of streptococcal infections occurred in children under ten, so the new drug proved a particular blessing to the very young (20). The big tablets of sulfanilamide could be administered successfully in hospitals to all but the smallest babies. Most sick children, however, received treatment at home, and mothers found it difficult to get them to swallow large pills. This circumstance seemed to call for a liquid dosage form. A number of attempts to find a suitable vehicle, however, proved unavailing. 

In the same way, a more highly developed clairvoyant, who is ca-pable of perceiving the more refined astral matter, sees the man represented at that [etheric] level by a mass of that matter, which is in reality his [astral] body, or vehicle, as regards that plane and exactly the same thing is true with regard to the mental plane in its turn. The soul of man has not one body, but many bodies, for when sufficiently evolved [spiritually] he is able to express himself on all these different levels of nature, and he is, therefore, provided with a suitable vehicle of the matter belonging to each, and it is through these various vehicles that he is able to receive impressions from the [spirit ] world to which they correspond.. . . ... 

Natural alkaloids and most tertiary antimuscarinic drugs are well absorbed from the gut and conjunctival membranes. When applied in a suitable vehicle, some (eg, scopolamine) are even absorbed across the skin (transdermal route). In contrast, only 10-30% of a dose of a quaternary antimuscarinic drug is absorbed after oral administration, reflecting the decreased lipid solubility of the charged molecule. 

Repeated Dose Dermal Tests. Twenty-one to 28-day dermal tests are particularly important when the expected route of human exposure is by contact with the skin, as is the case with many industrial chemicals or pesticides. Compounds to be tested are usually applied daily to clipped areas on the back of the animal, either undiluted or in a suitable vehicle. In the latter case, if a vehicle is used, it is also applied to the controls. Selection of a suitable solvent is difficult because many affect the skin, causing either drying or irritation, whereas others may markedly affect the rate of penetration of the test chemical. Com oil, methanol, or carboxymethyl cellulose are preferred to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or acetone. It should also be considered that some of the test chemical may be ingested as a result of grooming by the animal, although this can be controlled to some extent by use of restraining collars and/or wrapping. 

Solid forms of chemicals and drugs may be pulverized to a fine powder. The test chemical should be moistened sufficiently with water or, where necessary, with a suitable vehicle to ensure good contact with the skin. When a vehicle is used, the influence of the vehicle on penetration by the test chemical should be considered. Chemicals in solid form are generally used undiluted. When a test at one dose level of at least 2,000 mg/kg body weight, using the procedures described for this study, produces no compound-related mortality, a full study using three dose levels may not be necessary. 

Healthy, young adult animals are acclimated to laboratory conditions for at least 5 days prior to the test, before they are randomized and assigned to groups. Wherever necessary, a suitable vehicle may be added to the test chemical to help generate appropriate concentration of the chemical in the atmosphere. 

Solid chemicals may be pulverized to a tine powder. The test chemical should be moistened sufficiently with water or other suitable vehicle to ensure good contact with the skin. When a vehicle is used, the influence of the vehicle on skin penetration should be considered. Liquid chemicals are generally used without dilution. 

The processes used in laboratory alchemy strive to capture and preserve the operation of subtle essences in a suitable vehicle all the way to their material analogs. Between 1600 and 1700 there occurred a transition period between alchemy and the new science of chemistry. It is during this time period that we can find some of the most clearly written descriptions of processes used in alchemy. 

The death of the material, its putrefaction, is the key that releases the spiritual components from the prison of the body. The trick in either the Wet or Dry Way is to be able to capture the subtle essence into a suitable vehicle before they can vapor away. 

There were two options for obtaining the required quantity of wood either there was a large forested area near the camp where the demand for firewood could be met, and whence the wood would then be transported to the camp with suitable vehicles, or the wood had to be brought in from other areas by rail. 

Formulation studies are performed to develop a suitable vehicle to solubilize the drug for administration to patients, generally by intravenous injection or infusion in the case of cancer. The low solubility of many natural products in water poses considerable problems, but these can be overcome by use of co-solvents or emulsifying agents (surfactants) such as Cremophore EL (polyoxyethylated castor oil). 

Dry solids are dissolved in a suitable vehicle system just prior to injection. These products are prepared by lyophilization, for example, when the component drug is unstable in the desired aqueous vehicle... 

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