Suggested Reading

Alfrey, T., Mechanical Behavior of High Polymers, Interscience, New York, 1948. 

Christensen, R. M., Theory of Viscoelasticity, an Introduction, Academic Press, New York, 1971. 

Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990. 

Guidelines for Consequence Analysis of Chemical Releases (New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1999). 

Frank P. Lees, Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2d ed. (London Butterworths, 1996), ch. 15 and 18. 

John H. Seinfeld, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution (New York Wiley, 1986), ch. 12,13, and 14. 

In summary, the characteristics of the drug and the disease or condition may suggest a likely route and mode of delivery. Considerable vork is required to develop and optimise an appropriate drug presentation. The suitability of any particular strategy must be verified by undertaking the extensive pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies that form part of the pre-clinical and clinical trials. 

Daumas, M. (ed.), The History of Technology and Invention, 3 vols. Crown, New York, 1978. 

Singer, C., Holmyard, E. K., Hall, A. R., and Williams, T. I. (eds.), A History of Technology, 5 vols. Oxford Univ. Press (Clarendon), New York, 1954-1958. 

Williams, T. (ed.), A History of Technology—Twentieth Century, 1900-1950, part I (Vol. 

part II (Vol. 7). Oxford Univ. Press (Clarendon), New York, 1978. 

Origin of the Science of Crystals, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1966 

Collected classic papers on forms of crystals and crystal growth 

Kato (ed.). Crystal Growth, New Edition of Classical Papers in Physics, vol. 44, Tokyo, Physical Society of Japan 

Schneer, Crystal Form and Structure, Benchmark Papers in Geology, vol. 34, 

Hurle [ed.), A Perspective on Crystal Growth, Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1992 

Benson, H. J., Microbiological Applications A Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology (4th ed.). Dubuque, IA Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1985. 

Basic Microbiology with Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973. 

Butler, M., Animal Cell Technology Principles and Products. Milton Keynes, England Open University Press, 1987. 

Pelczar, M. J. and R. D. Reid, Microbiology. New York, NY McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1972. 

Hodgson, E., and R. C. Smart, eds. Introduction to Biochemical Toxicology, 3rd ed. New York Wiley, 2001. Relevant chapters include  

Chapter 2. Smart, R. C. Overview of molecular techniques in toxicology genes/transgenes. Chapter 3. LeBlanc, G. A. Immunochemical techniques in toxicology. 

Chapter 4. Meyer, S. A. Overview of cellular techniques in toxicology. 

Although the mechanical behavior of tissues has been studied extensively, we know that interpretation of this behavior is made more complex by the time-dependence, also termed viscoelasticity. Therefore, we examine how the time-dependence can be corrected for in terms of the structural components. The goal of the mechanics sections is to relate mechanical behavior to the composition, arrangement, and environmental conditions that affect each tissue type. Finally, we examine how external forces balance with internal forces to modulate mechanochemical transduction. 

Ruoslahti E, Perschbacker MD. New perspectives in cell adhesion RGD and integrals, Science. 1987 238 491. 

Silver FH, Christiansen DL. Biomaterials Science and Biocompatibility. New York Springer-Verlag 1999 Chapters 1,8. 

Silver FH, DeVore D, Siperko LM. Role of mechanophysiology in aging of ECM Effects of changes in mechanochemical transduction, J Appl. Physiol. 2003 95 2134. 

Alberts, B., Roberts, K., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Walter, P., and Johnson, A. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th ed., Garland Publishing, New York, 2002. 

Ausubel,F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., Seidman, J. G., Smith, J. A., and Struhl, K. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken NJ, 1987-2007. 

Hodgson, E. (Ed.). A Textbook of Modem Toxicology, 3rd ed., John Wiley Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004. 

Klaassen, C. D. (Ed.). Casarett and Doull s Toxicology, The Basic Science of Poisons, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001. 

If you do not have an electronics or electrical background, the following titles will help you understand the principles behind the circuitry used in this book. 

Getting Started In Electronics by Forrest Mims III, Master Publications. 

Beginners Guide To Reading Schematics by Robert J. Traister and Anna L. Lisk, Tab Books. 

Practical Electronics For Inventors by Paul Scherz, McGraw-Hill. 

A year of anniversaries in chromatography. Part 1 from Tswett to partition chromatography Am. Lab., January, 48C-48J. 

Horack, J. and Majors, R. E., 1993. Perspectives from the leading edge in solid-phase extraction LC-GC, 11 74-90. 

McDonald, P. D. and Bouvier, E. S. P. 1995. Solid Phase Extraction Applications Guide and Bibliography, A Resource for Sample Preparation Methods Development, 6th ed. Waters, Milford, MA. This publication is also available on disk for computer searching by analyte. 

and Thurman, E. M. 1993. Symposium on solid-phase extraction in environmental and clinical chemistry, J. Chromatog., 629 1-93. 

Oudsema, J. W., and Poole, C. F. 1990. Sample preparation for chromatographic separations and overview Anal. Chim. Acta, 236 3-42. 

A great deal of information concerning definitions and assumptions made in arriving at the U.S. input-output tables can be found in the following fundamental and classical articles, published in the Sun ey of Current Business, published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce. 

The Interindustry Structure of the United States. A report on the 1958 Input-Output Study, November 1964. 

The Transaction Table of the 1958 Input-Output Study and Revised Direct and Total Requirements Data, September 1965. 

The Composition of Value Added in the 1963 Input-Output Study, April 1973. 

Additional articles on input-output analysis may be of interest  

Cullity, B.D. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Boston, MA (1978) 

Feldman, L.C., Mayer, J.W. Fundamentals of Surface and Thin Film Analysis. North-Holland, New York (1986) 

Eriksson, L., Davies J.A. Ion Implantation in Semiconductors. Academic, New York (1970) 

Nastasi, M., Mayer, J.W., Hirvonen, J.K. Ion-Solid Interactions Fundamentals and Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1996) 

Acute Toxicology in Theory and Practice, Brown, V. K., New York Wiley (1980). 

Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics, by The Association of Food and Drug Officials of The United States. 

Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, Fourth Ed., (josselen, Hodge, Smith and Gleason, Williams and Wilkins, Balto, (1981). 

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, U.S. Dept, of Health and Human Services (NIH) 78.23. 

Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, OECD, Paris, 1981, 2, Rue Andre Paseol 75775, Paris Cedet 16 France. 

and Tindal, J.S. (1972) The Physiology of Lactation, Edward Arnold, London. Jensen, R.G. (ed.) (1995) Handbook of Milk Composition, Academic Press, San Diego. 

Mepham, T.B. (1975) The Secretion of Milk, Studies in Biology Series No. 60, Edward Arnold, London. 

Mepham, T.B, 0987) Physiology of Lactation, Open University Press, Milton Keynes, UK. 

Acid Plants (2005) Acid plants address environmental issues. Sulfur 298, (May-June 2005) 33-38. 

Duecker, W.W. and West, J.R. (1966) The Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York. 

(2005) Resources and information sources for the sulphuric acid industry, preprint of paper presented at 29 Annual Clearwater Conference (AIChE), Clearwater, Florida, June 4, 2005. www.aiche-cforg Also Sulphuric acid on the web www.sulphuric-acid.com 

Sulphur 2004 Conference preprints, Barcelona, October 24-27,2004 (and previous conferences). www.britishsulphur.com 

Sander, U.H.F., Fischer, H., Rothe, U., Kola, R. and More, A.I. (1984) Sulphur, Sulphur Dioxide and Sulphuric Acid, The British Sulphur Corporation Ltd., London, www.britishsulphur.com 

For each such orbit, map one of the edges to ei (there is some arbitrary choice involved here), and map the other one to C2. 

Since the Z2-action on the space X is free, the generators of the cochain complex C (X/Z2 Z2) can be indexed with the orbits of simplices. For an arbitrary simplex S we denote by ts the generator corresponding to the orbit of 6 in particular, = i- 

The induced quotient cell decomposition of RP°° is the standard one, with one cell in each dimension. The cochain z, corresponding to the unique edge of RP°°, is the generator (and the only nontrivial element) of iF (RP°° Z2). Its image under (i /Z2) is simply the sum of all orbits of the multicolored edges  

To describe the powers of the Stiefel-Whitney classes, o7j(X), we need to recall how the cohomology multiplication is done simplicially. In fact, to evaluate vj X) on a A -simplex (wq,v, . .., Vk), we need to evaluate wi(X) on each of the edges vi, r i+i), for i = 0. A — 1, and then multiply the results. Thus, the only A -simplices on which the power zu X) evaluates nontrivially are those whose ordered set of vertices has alternating elements from A and from B. We call these simplices multicolored. We summarize with 

We refer the reader to the wonderful book of tom Dieck, [tD87], for further details on equivariant maps and associated bundles. We also recommend the classical book of Milnor and Stasheff, [MSta74], as an excellent source for the theory of characteristic classes of vector bundles. Generalities on bundles, including principal bundles, can be found in [Ste51]. 

W Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its. Applications, Wiley, New York, 1968. Advanced treatise on principles and applications of probability theory. 

PG Hoel, Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Wiley, New Y ork, 1984. Excellent revYew of uses of proha-bilities in statistics statistical inference, hypothesis testing, and estimation. 

E Nagel, Principles of Probability Theory, University of Chicago, Chicago, 1939. Philosophical foundations of probability theory. 

S Ross, A First Course in Probability, 3rd edition, Macmillan, New York, 1988. An excellent introduction to probability theory.  

RA Rozanov, Probability Theory Basic Concepts, Dover, New York, 1969. A concise summary of probabilities and distribution functions. 

Faustman, E. M. and G. S. Omenn. 2001. Risk assessment. In Casarett Doull s toxicology. The basic science of poisons, 6th ed., ed. C. D. Klaassen, 83-104. New York McGraw-Hill. 

Kamrin, M. A. 1988. Toxicology A primer on toxicology, principles and application. Chelsea, MI Lewis Publishers. 

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Two other techniques that depend only on base SI units are coulometry and isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. Coulometry is discussed in Chapter 11. Isotope-dilution mass spectroscopy is beyond the scope of an introductory text, however, the list of suggested readings includes a useful reference. 

Inorganic Analysis Redox titrimetry has been used for the analysis of a wide range of inorganic analytes. Although many of these methods have been replaced by newer methods, a few continue to be listed as standard methods of analysis. In this section we consider the application of redox titrimetry to several important environmental, public health, and industrial analyses. Other examples can be found in the suggested readings listed at the end of this chapter. 

Other methods of background correction have been developed, including Zee-man effect background correction and Smith-Iiieffje background correction, both of which are included in some commercially available atomic absorption spectrophotometers. Further details about these methods can be found in several of the suggested readings listed at the end of the chapter. 

Few potentiometric biosensors are commercially available. As shown in Figures 11.16 and 11.17, however, available ion-selective and gas-sensing electrodes may be easily converted into biosensors. Several representative examples are described in Table 11.5, and additional examples can be found in several reviews listed in the suggested readings at the end of the chapter. 

An analysis of variance can be extended to systems involving more than a single variable. For example, a two-way ANOVA can be used in a collaborative study to determine the importance to an analytical method of both the analyst and the instrumentation used. The treatment of multivariable ANOVA is beyond the scope of this text, but is covered in several of the texts listed as suggested readings at the end of the chapter. 

Suggested readings give the student access to more comprehensive discussion of the topics introduced within the chapter. 

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