Input-output tables

To begin the analysis, Marx s numerical example of expanded reproduction can be recast as an input-output framework. Table 2.4(a) re-expresses the numerical elements of Table 2.2 as an input-output table. The advantage of this table is that it shows explicitly how Marx assumes capitalists spend their 1,750 units of surplus value on 500 units of new constant capital (dC), 150 new variable capital (clV) and 1,100 capitalist consumption (u). 

Table 2.4 Expanded reproduction in an input-output table...

It can now be shown how this result can be derived using an input-output interpretation of the simple reproduction schema. Following the same procedure first introduced in Chapter 2, Table 6.2(a) re-expresses the numerical elements of Table 6.1 as an input-output table. 

Table 6.2(b) is an algebraic representation, using Marxian categories, of the input-output table for simple reproduction. In comparison with Table 6.1, this provides a clearer and more detailed representation of simple reproduction, since the expenditure of surplus value on capitalist consumption is shown explicitly as u. Moreover, the condition of simple reproduction is embodied in the assumption that total inputs are equal to total outputs (see Sweezy 1942 162). Writing out these input-output balances explicitly,... 

The IO model used for ISIS is based on the most recent input output tables of the European Statistical Office (Eurostat, 2004) for the year 2000. It can be assigned to... 

The higher prices of cars, which is balanced by subsidies, has two impacts in ASTRA first, car manufacturers increase their revenues and output, compared with BAU, and second, a few other sectors that manufacture significant shares of the fuel cell also benefit. HyWays estimates that about one third of a car s price is related to the drive train. For hydrogen-fuel-cell cars, out of this one third about 30% is assumed to be provided by the chemical sector and 40% by the electronics sector in ASTRA. The remaining 30% is still manufactured by the vehicle sector. Hence, the according shares of demand for H2 fuel-cell vehicles are shifted from the vehicles sector, which before produced 100% of the drive train, to the chemicals and electronics sectors, respectively. This affects the sectoral final demand and the input-output table calculations in ASTRA. 

EUROSTAT (2004). Input Output Tables - Data, http //epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. 

For starch production, we refer to published inventory data [13] prepared based on 1995 Input-Output Tables. The economic value of starch is based on 1995 Input-Output Tables [14]. 

National Institute for Environmental Studies (2002) Embodied energy and emission intensity data for Japan using input-output tables (3EID). National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan... 

Management and Coordination Agency (1999) 1995 input-output tables. MCA, Government of Japan, Tokyo... 

Such equations allow calculations to be carried out to quantify the materials used and produced during the course of a fermentation in the same manner as for a chemical reaction process. If the fermentation scheme is simplified to the situation shown in Fig. 5.40, then an input-output table can be drawn up for the streams shown, given the composition of, say, the carbon and energy feed stream and the gaseous product stream. 

Congress a) Part INBS Special Publication 511-1, SD Stock No. SN-003-003-01926-7 b) Part II NBS Special Publication 511-2 Appendix B. A report to NBS by Battelle Columbus Laboratories, SD Stock No. SN-003-003-01927-5, US Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1978 c) Part III, Appendix C, Battelle Columbus Input/Output Tables, NBs GCR 78-122, PB-279 430, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1978. 

A complete list of all input-output classification groups and relationships to the SIC Code for the 1987 input-output tables is found in Survey of Current Business, April 1994, pp. 93-97. 

You are urged to construct your own tables to illustrate features of the input-output tables that are of personal or professional interest. 

Sensitivity testing. Input-output analysis can be used to test the consequences of what if questions. For example, the input-output tables can be used to study the effects on one industry s or company s growth under various scenarios (e.g., different rates of GDP growth or potential changes in technology, as shown by Example 4.1 for a simple two-industry economy). 

A great deal of information concerning definitions and assumptions made in arriving at the U.S. input-output tables can be found in the following fundamental and classical articles, published in the Sun>ey of Current Business, published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce. 

Referring to the 1987 U.S. input-output tables in Appendix C, calculate the fraction of total output that is value added for the following industries ... 

An earth reconnaissance satellite reports a drought in Russia. Government experts estimate that Russian wheat production probably will be down by 50 million bushels. What could Russia do to cover this shortage In which CPI sectors would the shortage have an impact Estimate the potential impact on the CPI by using input-output tables. 

---