Substrate physico-chemical properties

Brylev O, Sarrazin M, Belanger D, Roue L (2006) Rhodium deposits on pyrolytic graphite substrate physico-chemical properties and electrocatalytic activity towards nitrate reduction in neutral medium. Appl Catal Environ 64 243-253... 

Linear polycarbosilanes and polycarbosiloxanes-especially those containing arylene units in the chain-have specific physico-chemical properties which can be applicable in heat-resistant materials [29-31]. Phenylene-silylene-ethylene-polymers, which may serve as potential substrates for applications as membrane materials are usually obtained in the presence of platinum catalysts [32], although other transihon-metal complexes have also been tested in this process. 

The comparison of exopolyphosphatases from different cell compartments of the yeast S. cerevisiae suggests that they are a typical example of compartment-specific enzymes. The latter differ from each other in their physico-chemical properties, substrate specificity, response to changing cultivation conditions, and presumably, in the functions and ways of regulation. The compartment-specificity of exopolyphosphatases should be taken into account in the study of PolyP metabolism in the eukaryotic cell. 

At present, the accessible physico-chemical properties have been studied mainly in liquid solution and the overall results provide evidence of their intrinsic high dipolar character. Moreover, compounds of type 1 may be ideal substrates for the study of their photophysical and other physical properties, especially for unconventional extended rr-systems 15-20, which are push-pull aza analogues of (E)-stilbene. Their capacity for specific physical behavior merits further exploration. 

Model electrodes with a dehned mesoscopic structure can be generated by a variety of means, e.g., electrodeposition, adsorption from colloidal solutions, and vapor deposition and on a variety of substrates. Such electrodes have relatively well-dehned physico-chemical properties that differ signihcantly from those of the bulk phase. The present work analyzes the application of in-situ STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) and ETIR (Eourier Transformed infrared) spectroscopy in determining the mesoscopic structural properties of these electrodes and the potential effect of these properties on the reactivity of the fuel cell model catalysts. Special attention is paid to the structure and catalytic behavior of supported metal clusters, which are seen as model systems for technical electrocatalysts. 

The rule of 5 states that poor absorption or permeation are more likely when two or more of these parameters are out of range. Exceptions are compounds that are substrates for biological transporters. A compound for which all parameters are within the ranges shows similar physico-chemical properties as typical drug molecules and is therefore drug-like (in terms of the physico-chemical properties considered). 

In this limiting case protein adsorption should not depend on the surface tension of the substratum and, in principle, should be zero if no other effects, such as electrostatic interactions, come into play (28-31). Thus the model suggests that the surface tension of not only the substrates and the adsorbing protein but also of the suspending liquid medium is an important parameter in determining protein adsorption yet this important physico-chemical property is seldom reported or even considered. 

The main interest in ionic Hquids was first to offer green alternatives to volatile organic solvents. But not only this because of their unique set of physico-chemical properties they are very different from conventional organic solvents. They may give the opportunity to promote reactions that are not possible in other solvents. For example, they offer a nonaqueous environment to substrates and can be poorly miscible with organic compoimds (cf Section 5.2.1). But one would expect more than just a physical solvent new chemistry may be foreseen. Indeed, it has been proven that the nature of the ionic liquid may influence the outcome of chemical reactions [41]. In many cases, ILs contribute to improving reaction rates and... 

Molybdenum, with respect to its physico-chemical properties and high corrosion resistance, is inevitably used as a construction material for the equipment used in chemical industry. Often only thin layer on the exposed surfaces is preferred. In such cases, electrodeposition from molten salts appears to be a very important method for the formation of compact molybdenum deposits on the electrically conductive substrates. This method may be also considered for the primary production of molybdenum metal. 

Consider a simple isothermal fed-batch fermenter with a single bio-reaction where biomass (with concentration X) is produced using some substrate (with concentration 5). Assume that only substrate is fed into the reactor with concentration Sp. If constant physico-chemical properties and the presence of an inert solvent are assumed then the lumped dynamic model of a simple fed-batch fermentor is as follows ... 

A simple continuous fermentation process (for example in (Takamatsu et al. 1975)) is used as a case study with constant liquid volume V. The liquid feed (F), the temperature and all physico-chemical properties are assumed constant. The state variables are the concentration of biomass (X) and of that the substrate (S). 

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