Physico-chemical constants

Estimated physico-chemical constants are also used as filters to remove unwanted compounds from a library. Suitable Umits can be found by statistical analyses of a large number of on-market drug molecules [33, 34]. 

Although the estimation of the constants might be inaccurate, they are very effective tools for downsizing a Hbrary. 

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Timmermans, J. "The Physico-Chemical Constants of Binary Systems in Concentrated Solutions," Vol. 1-4, Interscience, New York, 1959-60. 

J. Timmermans, Physico-Chemical Constants of Pure Organic Substances, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Elsevier, New York, 1965. 

Continuous analysis offers another very useful possibility of completely automated chemical control, especially in manufacturing processes, but also in analytical processes such as separational flow techniques where the analytical measurement proper acts as a sensor, usually called the detector. As long as a physical or physico-chemical constant yields a sufficiently accurate and specific... 

Timmermanns, J. (1950) Physico-chemical Constants of Pure Organic Compounds (Elsevier). 

Timmermans, J. "Systems with Inorganic and Organic or Inorganic Compounds (Excepting Metallic Derivatives)" in "The Physico-Chemical Constants Binary Systems in Concentrated Solutions" Vol. 4, Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1960. 

Timmermans, J., PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CONSTANTS OF PURE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Vol. 1 and 2, Elsevier, New York, NY (1950,1965). 

J. Tinunermans, The Physico-Chemical Constants of Binary Systems in Binary Solution, Vol. 4. Wiley (Interscience), New York, 1960. 

Timmermans, J. Physico-chemical constants of pure organic compounds, Vol. 

H. Stephen and T. Stephen, Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds, Vol. 1, Parts 1 and 2, Macmillan Publishing, New York, 1963. J. Timmermans, Physico-Chemical Constants of Pure Organic Compounds, Vol. 2, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1965. 

According to Fedosyev and Sinyaryev [15] this mixture, with 98% nitric acid in stoichiometric proportions has the following physico-chemical constants ... 

N. S. Davis and Keefe quote the following physico-chemical constants characteristic of 90% hydrogen peroxide [29] ... 

As a combustible, paraffin or alcohols may be employed. Fedosyev and Sinyaryev [15] quote the following physico-chemical constants for typical mixtures with liquid oxygen. 

There are two publications that list properties of azeotropic mixtures. Timmermans, The Physico-Chemical Constants of Binary Systems in Concentrated Solutions, 4 vols.. Interscience, New York, 1959-1960, is by far the more comprehensive. The other is Azeotropic Data, 2 vols., Advances in Chemistry Series no. 6 and no. 35, American Chemical Society, Washington, 1952, 1962. 

The intrinsic viscosity [17] (dl/g or ml/g) is an important physico-chemical constant of polymers estimated by extrapolation to an infinite dilution, that is to a zero concentration of the polymer. (For the Fikentscher function k — Eigenviscositat — see p. 278). If the intrinsic viscosity were in fact a measure of the length of the polymer chain molecules, then it would be expected not to vary as a result of changing the solvent. Dobry [59] has determined the viscosities of 0.04% solutions of nitrocellulose (11.4% N) in different solvents and calculated the intrinsic viscosity by means of extrapolation. The results are collected in Table 43. The changes in the... 

Most of these values are taken from J. Timmermans, Physico-chemical Constants of Pure Organic Compounds, Vols. I and 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1950 and 1965. 

As in the case with the oil distillation yield, the physico-chemical constants of the distilled oil tend to vary somewhat according to the type of spice used, its age and, to a certain extent, the processing procedure followed. 

The inclusion of unripe fruits or leaf and stalk material of the plant together with the spice during distillation results in a change in the physico-chemical constants. The specific gravity, optical rotation and alcohol (calculated as linalool) values are reduced somewhat, while the carbonyl value is enhanced (Purseglove et al., 1981 Smallfield et al., 1994). 

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