Subject randomized controlled trials

Seecof R, Tennant FS Subjective perceptions to the intravenous rush of heroin and cocaine in opioid addicts. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 12 79—87, 1987 Sees KL, Delucci KL, Masson C, et al Methadone maintenance vs. 180-day psycho-socially enriched detoxification for treatment of opioid dependence a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 283 1303-1310, 2000 Sells SB Treatment effectiveness, in Handbook on Drug Abuse. Edited by Dupont RE, Goldstein A, O Donnell J. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979, pp 105-118... 

Only two randomized, controlled trials have been completed, and neither provides anything like compelling data (Table 2.6). Chouinard and Albright (1997) conducted a unique evaluation of a subset of patients from a previously conducted clinical trial. Subjects were categorized and profiled at baseline and end point according to clinical severity, and a group of psychiatric nurses were asked to rate various aspects of likely outcome and quality of life to each profile (mild, moderate or severe symptoms). Health state utilities were then calculated risperidone was found to provide more than double the number of quality-adjusted life years compared with haloperidol. Csernansky and Okamoto (1999) conducted a rather more conventional trial, but included no economic analyses. However, they did find that the use of risperidone substantially reduced relapse rates compared with haloperidol—an outcome likely to have a positive impact on cost-effectiveness. 

Singh, Nalin A., Karen M. Clements and Maria A. Fiatarone Singh, The Efficacy of Exercise as a Long-Term Antidepressant in Elderly Subjects A Randomized, Controlled Trial , Journal of Gerontology 56A, no. 8 (2001) M497-M504... 

Randomized controlled trials of patients with type 2 diabetes have confirmed the beneficial effects of nuts on blood lipids, also seen in nondiabetic subjects, but the trials have not reported improvement in Ale or other glycated proteins (Jenkins and others 2008). Therefore, Jenkins and others (2008) concluded that there is justification to consider the inclusion of nuts in the diets of individuals with diabetes in view of their potential to reduce CHD risk, even though their ability to influence overall glycemic control remains to be established. 

Hanks GW, O Neill WM, Simpson P, Wesnes K. (1995). The cognitive and psychomotor effects of opioid analgesics II. A randomized controlled trial of single doses of morphine, lorazepam, and placebo in healthy subjects. EurJ Clin Pharmacol. 48(6) 455-60. 

A recent report on a large, multisite, industry-sponsored, randomized, controlled trial suggests that nefezadone is more effective than placebo in the treatment of depression in adolescents. Nefazadone was well tolerated. No subject experienced a significant el-... 

O Neill, W.M. et al., The cognitive and psychomotor effects of morphine in healthy subjects a randomized controlled trial of repeated (four) oral doses of dextropropoxyphene, morphine, lorazepam and placebo, Pain, 85, 209, 2000. 

Davidson MH, Hauptman J, DiGirolamo M, Foreyt JP, Halsted CH, Heber D, Heim-burger DC, Lucas CP, Robbins DC, Chung J, Heymsfield SB (1999) Weight control and risk factor reduction in obese subjects treated for 2 years with orlistat a randomized controlled trial. Jama 281 235-242... 

Radack K, Deck C, Beta-adrenergic blocker therapy does not worsen intermittent claudication in subjects with peripheral arterial disease, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1991 151 1769— 1776. 

Three hundred critically-ill septic adults were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of severe sepsis within 12 hours of diagnosis. Subjects were randomized... 

Hourigan C, Safih S, Rogers 1, Jacobs I, Lockney A. Randomized controlled trial of midazolam premedication to reduce the subjective adverse effects of adenosine. Emerg Med (Fremantle) 2001 13(l) 51-6. 

In an open, randomized, controlled trial in 56 children with cerebral malaria, the 26 children who received pentoxifylline 10 mg/kg/day by continuous infusion had significantly shorter periods of coma than the controls. The pentoxifylline recipients showed a trend toward a lower mortality. Pentoxifylline has an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alfa. The better outcome in the treated group was associated with a fall in tumor necrosis factor alfa serum concentrations on the third day of treatment in a few subjects this was not seen in the controls (7). 

Thompson, C., Pedrosa, M.C., Diamond, R.D., and Stollar, B.D., Vitamin E supplementation and in vivo immune response in healthy elderly subjects a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 111, 1380,1997. 

Safety analysis involves assessing the causal effect of a treatment or exposure regimen on one or more outcomes of interest based on observing a sample of subjects over time. The observed data might constitute an observational study or a randomized controlled trial or even a collection of observational or randomized studies. Since randomized trials are typically not powered... 

Lorenz W, Doenicke A, Reimann HJ, Schmal A, Schwarz B, Dorman P (1978) Anaphylactoid reactions and histamine release by plasma substitutes a randomized controlled trial in human subjects and in dogs. Agents Actions 8 397-399 Liiben G, Quast U, Geiger H (1981) Prekallikrein activator levels and side effects with human albumin preparations. Dev Biol Stand 48 123-127 Lund N (1973) Anaphylactic reactions induced by infusion of haemaccel. Br J Anaesth 45 929... 

---