4-Styrene sulfonate,copolymers with

Strong" Acid Cation Excha.ngers. AH strong acid-type resins are made from styrene—DVB copolymers, with the exception of a minor quantity of phenoHc resin. Batch sulfonation using commercial strength sulfuric acid [8014-95-1] is common. 

Porous silica-supported polymeric catalysts were prepared by sulfonation of divinylbenzene (DVB) or styrene-DVB copolymers with chlorosulfonic acid. The resultant acidic polymers had an ion-exchange capacity of up to 0.41 mequiv. g. ° Treatment of the styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (one part) with chlorosulfonic acid (three to four parts) in 1,2-dichloroethane at 10-25 afforded the cation-exchange resin. ... 

The resins used are highly cross-linked organic polymers with acidic functional groups. The most common of the resins used are sulfonated copolymers of styrene and divinylben2ene (see Ion exchange). 

Weiss et al. [75] have synthesized Na and Zn salt of sulfonated styrene(ethylene-co-butylene)-styrene triblock ionomer. The starting material is a hydrogenated triblock copolymer of styrene and butadiene with a rubber mid-block and PS end-blocks. After hydrogenation, the mid-block is converted to a random copolymer of ethylene and butylene. Ethyl sulfonate is used to sulfonate the block copolymer in 1,2-dichloroethane solution at 50°C using the procedure developed by Makowski et al. [76]. The sulfonic acid form of the functionalized polymer is recovered by steam stripping. The neutralization reaction is carried out in toluene-methanol solution using the appropriate metal hydroxide or acetate. 

Vaterite is thermodynamically most unstable in the three crystal structures. Vaterite, however, is expected to be used in various purposes, because it has some features such as high specific surface area, high solubility, high dispersion, and small specific gravity compared with the other two crystal systems. Spherical vaterite crystals have already been reported in the presence of divalent cations [33], a surfactant [bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfate (AOT)] [32], poly(styrene-sulfonate) [34], poly(vinylalcohol) [13], and double-hydrophilic block copolymers [31]. The control of the particle size of spherical vaterite should be important for application as pigments, fillers and dentifrice. 

In copolymers containing the styrene sulfonate moiety and maleic anhydride units, the maleic anhydride units can be functionalized with alkyl amine [1411-1416]. The water-soluble polymers impart enhanced deflocculation characteristics to the mud. Typically, the deflocculants are relatively low-molecular-weight polymers composed of styrene sodium sulfonate monomer maleic anhydride, as the anhydride and/or the diacid and a zwitterionic functionalized maleic anhydride. Typically the molar ratio of styrene sulfonate units to total maleic anhydride units ranges from 3 1 to 1 1. The level of alkyl amine functionalization of the maleic anhydride units is 75 to 100 mole-percent. The molar concentrations of sulfonate and zwitterionic units are not necessarily equivalent, because the deflocculation properties of these water-soluble polymers can be controlled via changes in their ratio. 

Each teaspoonful (5 mL) of TUSSIONEX Pennkinetic extended-release suspension contains hydrocodone polistirex equivalent to 10 mg of hydrocodone bitartrate and chlorpheniramine polistirex equivalent to 8 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate. TUSSIONEX Pennkinetic extended-release suspension provides up to 12-hour relief per dose. Hydrocodone is a centrally acting narcotic antitussive. Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine. TUSSIONEX Pennkinetic extended-release suspension is for oral use only. Hydrocodone polistirex sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer complex with... 

In a variation on this theme cobaltphthalocyaninetetrasulfonate (CoPcTs) was bound via the anionic sulfonate groups to styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer latexes containing quaternary ammonium ions.46 The resulting colloidal catalyst was used to effect the autoxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol in aqueous solution, to the corresponding diphenoquinone (reaction 21). The rate of oxidation was ten times faster than with homogeneous CoPcTs in water. 

W. F. Graydon and R. J. Stewart (41) also compared the membrane potentials with the values according to equation (46). The membrane investigated was a copolymer of p-styrene sulfonic acid and styrene crosslinked with divinyl benzene. In the large majority of cases the experimental values were lower than those according to equation (46). The smaller part of this difference could be attributed to the transport of the co-ions and was calculated roughly. The greater part was attributed to water transport. From this the transport number of water was calculated it varied from 1 to about 60. It was found that the water transport was proportional to the water content and inversely proportional to the number of crosslinks. A provisional direct measurement was effected of a water transport number. The value corresponded rather well with the indirect determination as described above. 

Sulfonated styrene, maleic anhydride (SS/MA) has proved to be a popular inhibitor for calcium phosphate control in stabilized phosphate and other polyphosphate programs. As such, it competes with other calcium phosphate control technologies, such as acrylic acid, hydroxypropyl acrylate copolymer (AA/HPA) and acrylic acid, 2-acrylimido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AA/AMPS, or sometimes known as AA/SA), and acrylic acid, sodium 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate copolymer (AA/COPS). 

While for the complexation with poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) or sodium cellulosesulfate 1 1 stoichiometry has been reported [150] a non-stoichiometric complex results with sodium carboxymethylcellulose [150]. Optimized conditions make it possible to create membranes with various properties using the PDADMAC/sodium cellulosesulfate system [166-168]. However, the symplex formation with PDADMAC or copolymers mostly results in flocculated precipitates [27,150,169]. Highly ordered mulilayer assemblies were prepared by alternate reaction of PDADMAC and various polyanions [170,171]. Recently, the efficiency and selectictivity of protein separation via PEL coacervation were examined using PDADMAC [172]. 

In a patent dated 1965 Stowe35) laid the basis for the copolymerization of PEO macromonomer with comonomers such as acrylonitrile. It was searched for an increased wettability of polyacrylonitrile films or fibers by a permanent surface modification. ro-Styryl poly(oxyethylene) macromonomers readily copolymerize with acrylonitrile in water emulsions. They can also be copolymerized with styrene-sulfonates in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone). The presence of small amounts of such copolymers in polyacrylonitrile fibers was shown to increase their wettability and their receptivity to dyes and to make them more resistant to electric loading (antistatic fibers). No characterization data on the copolymers formed have been reported. 

Chromatographic System Use a liquid chromatograph equipped with a refractive index detector that is maintained at a constant temperature and a 9-mm x 30-cm column packed with a strong cation-exchange resin, about 9 pm in diameter, consisting of sulfonated cross-linked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer in the calcium form (Aminex HPX-87c, or equivalent). Maintain the column temperature at 85° + 0.5°, and the flow rate of the Mobile Phase at about 0.5 mL/min. Chromatograph the Standard Preparation, and record the peak responses as directed under Procedure. Replicate injections show a relative standard deviation not greater than 2.0%. 

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