Sulfonated styrene copolymers

Synthesis of n-Butyl Acrylate Sulfonated Styrene Copolymers... 

Cross-linked macromolecular gels have been prepared by Eriedel-Crafts cross-linking of polystyrene with a dihaloaromatic compound, or Eriedel-Crafts cross-linking of styrene—chloroalkyl styrene copolymers. These polymers in their sulfonated form have found use as thermal stabilizers, especially for use in drilling fluids (193). Cross-linking polymers with good heat resistance were also prepared by Eriedel-Crafts reaction of diacid haUdes with haloaryl ethers (194). 

Low molecular weight (1000—5000) polyacrylates and copolymers of acryflc acid and AMPS are used as dispersants for weighted water-base muds (64). These materials, 40—50% of which is the active polymer, are usually provided in a Hquid form. They are particularly useful where high temperatures are encountered or in muds, which derive most of their viscosity from fine drill soHds, and polymers such as xanthan gum and polyacrylamide. Another high temperature polymer, a sulfonated styrene maleic—anhydride copolymer, is provided in powdered form (65,66). AH of these materials are used in relatively low (ca 0.2—0.7 kg/m (0.5—2 lb /bbl)) concentrations in the mud. 

Combination techniques such as microscopy—ftir and pyrolysis—ir have helped solve some particularly difficult separations and complex identifications. Microscopy—ftir has been used to determine the composition of copolymer fibers (22) polyacrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and a dye-receptive organic sulfonate trimer have been identified in acryHc fiber. Both normal and grazing angle modes can be used to identify components (23). Pyrolysis—ir has been used to study polymer decomposition (24) and to determine the degree of cross-linking of sulfonated divinylbenzene—styrene copolymer (25) and ethylene or propylene levels and ratios in ethylene—propylene copolymers (26). 

Unlike earlier sulfonated styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers, these sulfonated gels can he run in virtually any solvent from water and buffers to pure organics as well as most any mixed solvent systems desired. In aqueous systems they absorb water and in organic solvents they stay swollen by imbibing organic solvents. 

The maleic copolymer, sulfonated styrene maleic anhydride... 

Weiss et al. [75] have synthesized Na and Zn salt of sulfonated styrene(ethylene-co-butylene)-styrene triblock ionomer. The starting material is a hydrogenated triblock copolymer of styrene and butadiene with a rubber mid-block and PS end-blocks. After hydrogenation, the mid-block is converted to a random copolymer of ethylene and butylene. Ethyl sulfonate is used to sulfonate the block copolymer in 1,2-dichloroethane solution at 50°C using the procedure developed by Makowski et al. [76]. The sulfonic acid form of the functionalized polymer is recovered by steam stripping. The neutralization reaction is carried out in toluene-methanol solution using the appropriate metal hydroxide or acetate. 

A mixture of sulfonated styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and polymers prepared from acrylic acid or acrylamide and their derivatives [759] are dispersants for drilling fluids. The rheologic characteristics of aqueous well drilling fluids are enhanced by incorporating into the fluids small amounts of sulfonated styrene-itaconic acid copolymers [761] and an acrylic acid or acrylamide polymer [755]. 

Sulfonated styrene-maleimide copolymers are similarly active [1073], Examples of maleimide monomers are maleimide, N-phenyl maleimide, N-ethyl maleimide, N-(2-chloropropyl) maleimide, and N-cyclohexyl maleimide. N-aryl and substituted aryl maleimide monomers are preferred. The polymers are obtained by free radical polymerization in solution, in bulk, or by suspension. 

See also Macroreticular sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers... 

Sulfonated styrene-divylbenzene copolymers. See Styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, sulfonated Sulfonate moeities, incorporation into polymers, 23 534, 535 Sulfonate surfactants, 24 146 Sulfonating reagents composition of, 23 520t indirect, 23 522-523t Sulfonation, 9 273-275, 313, 23 513-536, 12 181... 

Basura, V. I., Chuy, C., Beattie, P. D. and Holdcroft, S. 2001. Effect of equivalent weight on electrochemical mass transport properties of oxygen in proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated a,j3,j3-trifluorostyrene (BAM) and sulfonated-styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene triblock (DAIS-analytical) copolymers. Journal ofElectroanalytical Chemistry 501 77-88. 

Each teaspoonful (5 mL) of TUSSIONEX Pennkinetic extended-release suspension contains hydrocodone polistirex equivalent to 10 mg of hydrocodone bitartrate and chlorpheniramine polistirex equivalent to 8 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate. TUSSIONEX Pennkinetic extended-release suspension provides up to 12-hour relief per dose. Hydrocodone is a centrally acting narcotic antitussive. Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine. TUSSIONEX Pennkinetic extended-release suspension is for oral use only. Hydrocodone polistirex sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer complex with... 

Ion exchange Celltech Sulfonated styrene -divinylbenzene copolymer Controlled Release Delsym... 

A method is described for the determination of the preservatives SA and BA in foods (including yogurt, soft drinks, and fruit juices) based on HPLC on a hydrogen-sulfonated divinyl-benzene-styrene copolymer column, isocratic elution with 0.01 N sulfuric acid/acetonitrile (75 25) mobile phase and UV detection at 220 nm (for BA) and 258 nm (for SA). Soft drinks and fruit juices merely require dilution and filtration before injection yogurt samples require treatment with potassium ferricyanide (III) and ZnS04 before analysis. Recovery of SA from yogurt was 95-110% the detection limit was 0.01 mg/kg. The recovery of BA from soft drinks and fruit... 

A Amati, M Castellari, I Ensini, U Spinabelli, G Arfelli. Determination of sorbic acid in wines with a hydrogen sulfonated divinyl benzene-styrene copolymer HPLC column. Chromatogr 44 645-648, 1997. 

Examples are the sulfonating of polyethylene film with chloro-sulfonic acid (60) the sulfonating of sheets of phenolformaldehyde resin (77) the treatment of a film consisting of polystyrene and polyvinylchloride with concentrated sulfuric acid (4) the sulfonating of films consisting of aliphatic vinylpolymers with chlorosulfonic acid (125) the sulfonating of copolymers of a monovinyl- and a polyvinyl compound (30). Also are used copolymers of aromatic monovinyl-compounds and linear aliphatic polyene hydrocarbons (3) copolymers of an unsaturated aromatic compound and an unsaturated aliphatic compound (76), and of reaction products of poly olefines and partially polymerized styrene (173). 

The 1980s produced a wide range of new copolymers, often using chemistry based on acrylic acid with sulfonic acid, sulfonated styrene, or sulfonated acrylamide. Also, new products were introduced based on phosphinocarboxylic acids. All these modern organic polymers found immediate favor as improved iron dispersants, phosphate stabilizers, or corrosion inhibitors, with good thermal and hydrolytic stability. 

PMA homopolymer is also available as a neutralized salt and in several grades, often with precise molecular weight distributions, for special applications such as antiscalent duty in seawater distillation and sugar evaporator processes. Maleic anhydride chemistry has also been successfully developed to provide functional components in copolymers [examples are acrylic acid, maleic anhydride (AA/MA) and sulfonated styrene, maleic anhydride (SS/MA)] and terpolymers [example is maleic anhydride, ethyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate (MA/EA/VA)]. 

Sulfonated styrene, maleic anhydride (SS/MA) has proved to be a popular inhibitor for calcium phosphate control in stabilized phosphate and other polyphosphate programs. As such, it competes with other calcium phosphate control technologies, such as acrylic acid, hydroxypropyl acrylate copolymer (AA/HPA) and acrylic acid, 2-acrylimido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AA/AMPS, or sometimes known as AA/SA), and acrylic acid, sodium 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate copolymer (AA/COPS). 

Chromatographic System Determine as directed under Chromatography, Appendix HA, but use a liquid chromatograph equipped with a differential refractometer detector and a 30-cm x 7.8-mm (id) column packed with 25-pm diameter beads of silver bonded to sulfonated divinyl benzene-styrene copolymer (Aminex HPX-42A, Bio-Rad Laboratories, or equivalent). Maintain the column at a constant temperature of 65° 10°, and the flow rate at 0.3 to 1.0 mL/min. Use deionized water as the mobile phase. 

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