Study centres

Drcxlcr, K. E. (1992). Nanosysicins Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation. New York Wiley, ten Wolde, A., ed. (1998). Nanotechnology Towards a Molecular Construction Kit. The Hague Netherlands Study Centre for Technology Trends. 

Pollard, A.M., Thomas, R.G. and Williams, P.A. (1990). Experimental smelting of arsenical copper ores implications for Early Bronze Age copper production. In Early Mining in the British Isles, ed. Crew S. and Crew P., Occasional Paper No. 1, Plas Tan y Bwlch, Snowdonia National Park Study Centre, Gwynedd, pp. 72-74. 

Reactions have been carried out adjacent to the epoxide moiety in order to examine the effects, if any, that the epoxide has on subsequent reactions with respect to the regio- and stereochemical outcome. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetraoxide and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reactions have been extensively studied using substrates 29 and 31. Initial studies centred on the standard dihydroxylation conditions using AT-methylmorpholine-AT-oxide and catalytic osmium tetraoxide. The diastereomeric ratios were at best 3 2 for 29 and 2 1 for 31, indicating that the epoxide unit had very little influence on the stereochemical outcome of the reaction. This observation was not unexpected, since the epoxide moiety poses minimal steric demands (Scheme 21). 

The government had required that the sponsors should have their own in-house study review board to review the ethical aspects of clinical trial protocols. Such a requirement was based on the former Japanese GCP, which stipulates that the company should organise an internal formal body or mechanism that reviews and authorises its planned studies before submitting to either study centres or the MHW for clinical trial plan notification. 

Currently, the agency recommends sponsors to recruit more than 10 patients at each centre, and most of the study centres are able to accommodate this number. As the overall number of clinical trials has declined because of the new GCP guidelines and unfavourable pricing rules for the new products, with limited advantage over existing products, it has become relatively easy for the sponsors to meet such requirements than before. 

The new GCP guidelines has expanded the IRB constitution and its role in the clinical trial. The IRB must consist of more than five members and must include non-medical personnel and a person who does not relate to the study centre. There are no requirements regarding the balance of gender. The head of the institute can attend the IRB meetings but cannot be a member nor discuss or vote at the meeting. 

The IRB is responsible for judging all studies to be conducted at the centre concerned by reviewing protocols, the informed consent sheet, the investigator s brochure and other materials relating to the conduct of clinical trials. The IRB is also responsible for monitoring whether the clinical trials are conducted in compliance with both GCP and IRB s requirements, if any. When the study period of a clinical trial exceeds 1 year the IRB should review the study every year. As the new GCP allows the study sponsor to pay a reasonable amount of money to the study subjects, the IRB is expected to review whether the amount and method of payment is reasonable and does not infringe upon the ethical aspects of the study. Also, the advertisement of a trial for patient recruitment is allowed, but the IRB s approval to implement this at the study centre is required. 

The new GCP stipulates that many study centres may share an IRB or an IRB may be established by academic organisations to which medical centres can seek advice on the studies. As the maintenance and operation of full IRBs may be a burden to some medical institutes, it is likely that such public IRBs will become a practical option. 

Centre effects. None of the study centres should dominate the overall result, neither in terms of number of subjects nor in terms of magnitude of effect... 

Coordinator of the research and development activities at the Organic Studies Centre, Duchy... 

We now also spend more time helping people, both the ablest and the neediest through bursaries, scholarships, fellowships and awards. We are trying to improve our inner cities and to help the traumatized, for instance, in Bosnia. Our biggest effort was to acquire Herstmonceux Castle for Queen s University. At first it created many problems for Queen s, but the International Study Centre is now running smoothly, and meeting hundreds of students there gives us such pleasure. 

Study Centres State country and name of centres... 

Under normal circumstances blood should be the biological fluid sampled to measure the concentrations of the API. In most cases the API or its metabolites are measured in serum or plasma. If the API is excreted predominantly unchanged in the urine, urine can be sampled. The volume of each sample must be measured at the study centre, where possible immediately after collection, and included in the report. The number of samples should be suf-... 

It was customary for Phase III studies that study centres were chosen on marketing grounds as well as from the scientific aspect. Because many similar products were developed and launched, hospitals decided to list in their formularies only those drugs in whose development they had participated. A vital issue for sponsoring companies is that their product be listed in the formularies of major hospitals, such as university hospitals or main regional hospitals. Therefore, the Phase III clinical study sites tend to... 

Law,. (1992) Notes on the theory of actor network, Science Studies Centre, University of Lancaster, retrieved 6 August 2002. http //www.comp.iancs.ac.uk/ socioiogy/soc054ji.htmi. 

Water Studies Centre and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia... 

External communications have improved immeasurably over the last 5 years, but internally things are not perfect. Monitoring is potentially a problem unless there are staff located near to study centres, and data retrieval from remote sites can be difficult. 

Results obtained in extensive studies centred on AT-chloro-A -trifluoromethyl-carbamoyl fluorides are summarized in Schemes 24— 26. - The chloramines... 

Chromium. The mechanism of hydrogenation at this rarely studied centre has been probed by product analyses and deuterium tracer experiments. The catalysts used were Cr(arene)(CO)3, which selectively catalyse 1,4-addition to diolefins. Key intermediates are Cr(H)2(CO)3 and Cr(H)2(CO)3-(diene). ... 

Cobb, A. 1997. Australia s vulnerability to information attacks. Australia Australian Strate c and Defense Studies Centre. ISBN 07315 27232. 

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