Molecular machinery

Drcxlcr, K. E. (1992). Nanosysicins Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation. New York Wiley, ten Wolde, A., ed. (1998). Nanotechnology Towards a Molecular Construction Kit. The Hague Netherlands Study Centre for Technology Trends. 

KE Drexler. Nanosystems Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation. New York Wiley, 1992. 

Hanada, K., Kumagai, K., Yasuda, S. et al. 2003. Molecular machinery for non-vesicular trafficking of cer-amide. Nature, 426(6968) 803-809. 

Note The whole of the system is molecular machinery driven by outside sources of energy and is temperature dependent. We see the cell as a machine degrading energy from either inorganic (Earth) sources or the Sun (see Chapter 5). 

Aravind L, Dixit VM, Koonin EV. Apoptotic molecular machinery vastly increased complexity in vertebrates revealed by genome comparisons. Science 2001 291[5507] 1279—1284. 

Hair cells are the sensory cells of the auditory and vestibular systems. Hair cells are the sensory cells of the internal ear, essential for the senses of sound and balance. The hair cell s transduction apparatus, the molecular machinery that converts forces and displacements into electrical responses, can respond to mechanical stimuli of less than 1 nm in amplitude, and of tens or even hundreds of kilohertz in frequency. Indeed, our hearing is ultimately limited by Brownian motion of water molecules impinging on the transduction apparatus. 

What molecular machinery controls these forms of synaptic plasticity One of the most studied brain regions is the CA1 region of the hippocampus the CA1 region is not only crucial for memory formation (profound amnesia in patient R. B with selective CA1 lesion), but also exhibits a well-organized laminar structure ideal for electrophysio-logical recording. 

In this chapter, I will consider the various pieces of molecular machinery that are involved in SR function in turn, give clinical examples of diseases caused by... 

Unfortunately (or better, fortunately) chemical innovation is very fast and any matter rapidly ages. Per speed vely, the dynamic aspects of inorganic compounds (or, molecular machinery ) will become more and more sophisticated (their interpretation thus requiring also more and more sophisticated electrochemical techniques), but the basic equipment to their operation will remain in some ways still valid for a long time (screws, bolts, screwdrivers, pliers and drills are still basic pieces of the actual super-technological assemblies). In this picture, it is expected that the basic approach outlined here, to face with the electrochemical aspects of a number of topics in inorganic chemistry, will (hopefully) maintain its middle-term validity. 

Here are the bare essentials of taste bud structure. At the top of the taste bud, there is a small pore opening into the bud. Tastants get access to the taste bud molecular machinery through this pore. The body of the taste bud is composed of 30-100 individual neuroepithelial cells, of three types. The key cell type is the sensory cell in whose membrane is embedded the receptors for tastants. The afferent taste nerve... 

Jinek M, Doudna JA (2009) A three-dimensional view of the molecular machinery of RNA interference. Nature 457 405-412... 

Scientists study protein motors because they are biologically interesting but also because they offer insights into mini-motors. Molecular machinery such as nanorobots or nanobots—tiny robots—is a major goal of nanotechnology, and it would have tremendous applications in a lot of fields, especially in medicine. Some researchers are trying to adapt protein motors to perform additional jobs, while other researchers simply use these tiny motors for inspiration. Ever since the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage, in which scientists shrank a team of specialists and a submarine and injected them into the body of a patient, people have been fascinated with potential treatments that would be made possible by tiny machines. 

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