Structures design features

Diffusion coefficients provide two kinds of information. First, their absolute magnitudes, combined with membrane sodium ion concentrations, are useful indicators of the temperature dependence of ionic self-diffusion and thereby they yield the activation energy for diffusion. They thereby provide insight into the nature of the diffusion mechanism (16). When activation energies are measured for various types of related membranes, the influence of different membrane structural design features can thus be separated and determined directly. 

In theory, through a proper design of physical structure, a polymer can be made more wear resistant to some aspects of tribological interactions. There are at least four structural design features that deserve considerations ... 

Because of the much lower viscosity of uncrosslinked molding compounds, parting lines and breakouts must have very smooth surfaces. If the controls and structural design features are insufficient, there will either be flashes or overflow and/or insufficient cavity filling. 

In any transport system, unless stationary, and in the case of air and marine on the ground or in port, respectively, easy escape from a fire is rarely possible and so it is essential that any fire hazard is recognised and minimised. Furthermore, the fire hazard and, more importantly, risk are dependent on material content, and structural design features must be known with regard to the latter, and the means of escape optimised within the overall design of the vehicle. Transport fire strategies therefore are influenced by ... 

Design Features There are three classes of thickeners, each differentiated by its drive mechanism (1) bridge-supported, (2) center-column supported, and (3) traction drives. The diameter of the tank will range from 2 to 150 m (6.5 to 492 ft), and the support structure often is related to the size required. These classes are described in detail in the subsection Components and Accessories for Sedimentation Units. ... 

If a significant thermal stratification is expected inside the booth, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside ot the booth, which increases with height has to be taken into account during the design prtKcss. Appropriate design features include efficient capture devices in the ceiling o( the booth and an overall dense structure of the booth. 

A forced-draft, gas-fired burner is seated at the top of the inner tube and produces a spinning cyclonic flame that reaches down to the bottom of the furnace tube. The hot combustible gases return over the boiler shell, which is provided with heat convection fins to extract more heat before the upward flowing gases exit the boiler. The furnace tube is fitted with a top and bottom, cast-steel flame retainer. These design features act to increase flue gas residency time and provide improved structural integrity to the pressure vessel. 

Unsaturated polyesters are low-molecular-weight fumarate esters containing various chemical structures designed for their specific cost and performance purposes. The two most important features of unsaturated polyesters are the fumarates, which provide the active sites for radical cross-linking with the diluent monomer and the random, low molecular weight, irregular nature of the rest of the molecule, which provide the necessary solubility in the diluent monomer. The preparation of the polyester thus requires the following considerations ... 

A substantial effort in our laboratory has been directed toward the synthesis and characterization of acetylene-terminated (AT) matrix resins. The most significant feature and driving force for the effort is that the thermal induced addition reaction provides a moisture Insensitive cured product. This technology offers a wide variety of thermoset resins for various high temperature applications. Backbone structural design for use temperature capabilities, processing characteristics and mechanical performance has demonstrated the versatility of the AT type systems. 

The second bullet implies that all structural steel requires a 3-hour fire resistive coating. Again, the statement does not define when the specific design feature must be used. These types of statements normally apply to design specifications for projects. 

Some design features of trenches should be noted. Commonly recommended trench dimensional proportions are a width of twice the depth. Under no circumstances should trench depth exceed the width to ensure adequate ventilation. Where heavy wheeled traffic, such as forklift trucks, may occur in a process structure or area with trenches, the trenches can be designed with extra-heavy duty grating that can support heavy equipment. 

The advantages of the flame emission detector (FED) have been combined with the flame ionization detector. This design features the ability to detect CO, CO2, N2O4, SO2, N2F4, HF and H2S gases which respond poorly in an FID. In addition, the system showed qualitative differences in structure attributable to different FED/FID ratios as a function of wavelength for various compounds. 

Of the lipid portions of bacterial macromolecular amphiphi-les, that of lipopolysaccharides is the structurally most complex. For its designation the term lipid A has been coined. More specifically, it was suggested that the lipid, as it is present in intact lipopolysaccharide, should be called lipid A, while the lipid in a separated form should be termed free lipid A (10,11). This nomenclature will be used throughout this paper. In the following, ways and methods will be described which have been used to elucidate the chemical structure of lipid A. The present discussion will deal in more detail with the elucidation of the structure of Salmonella lipid A. Relative to this structure, chemical features of other lipid A s will then be discussed. 

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